Table 7.
Crude and adjusted effect of pandemic period on the outcomes of 9,903 visits
| Outcome | First wavec (n = 2,690) | Second wave (n = 7,213) | Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratioa (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratioa + GISb (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary outcome | |||||
| Hospital mortality | 229 (8.5) | 437 (6.1) | 0.69 (0.59–0.82) | 0.89 (0.66–1.21) | 0.74 (0.52–1.05) |
| Secondary outcomes | |||||
| Admission to hospital | 1,312 (48.8) | 2,583 (35.8) | 0.63 (0.56–0.72) | 0.72 (0.64–0.82) | 0.72 (0.63–0.84) |
| Admission to critical care | 331 (12.3) | 503 (7.0) | 0.59 (0.50–0.70) | 0.66 (0.55–0.79) | 0.71 (0.58–0.87) |
Excluded 960 patients from 4 study sites that did not have enrollment in both waves
aAdjusted for age, sex, existing comorbidities (moderate or severe liver disease, hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, asthma, chronic lung disease, active cancer, and obesity), WHO severe disease, arrival from, ambulance arrival mode, smoking status, and illicit substance use
bThe 7-day regional COVID-19 incidence refers to the moving average incident COVID-19 case count of the patients’ health region at the time of their Emergency Department visit
cReference category