Table 2.
Characteristics of patients presenting DKA at the onset according to severity.
| Characteristic | Mild DKA | Moderate DKA | Severe DKA | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Year of diagnosis (n)
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 |
1 5 3 4 4 3 |
3 4 1 2 6 3 |
3 2 2 2 1 2 |
0.808 |
|
Season of diagnosis (n)
Spring Summer Autumn Winter |
5 3 7 5 |
3 4 8 4 |
1 4 3 4 |
0.749 |
| Age at onset (years) (mean ± SD) | 9.21 ± 5.06 | 8.22 ± 4.84 | 9.28 ± 4.24 | 0.766 |
|
Age group (n)
0-4 years old 5-9 years old 10-14 years old 15-17 years old |
3 4 4 9 |
5 2 8 4 |
1 2 5 4 |
0.484 |
| Glucose concentration (mg/dL) (mean ± SD) | 498.40 ± 173.22 | 493 ± 140.34 | 475 ± 148.05 | 0.917 |
| HbA 1 c % (mmol/mol) (mean ± SD) | 12.59 ± 1.88 (114 ± 20.7) |
12.51 ± 1.81 (114 ± 20.5) |
12.57 ± 2.27 (114 ± 25) |
0.992 |
| c-peptide (ng/ml) (mean ± SD) | 0.32 ± 0.25 | 0.28 ± 0.26 | 0.24 ± 0.22 | 0.637 |
|
First-degree relative with T1DM (n)
No Yes |
19 1 |
19 0 |
11 1 |
0.483 |
|
Presence of infection (before diagnosis) (n)
No Yes |
15 5 |
14 5 |
7 5 |
0.565 |
|
Caucasian Italians (n)
No Yes |
1 19 |
6 19 |
3 9 |
0.09 |
|
First hospitalization in specialist center at the onset (n)
No Yes |
8 12 |
10 9 |
9 3 |
0.158 |
| Delay of transfer (days) (mean ± SD) | 0.45 ± 0.60 | 0.68 ± 0.74 | 1.33 ± 1.43 | 0.035 |
| Specific symptoms duration (days) (mean ± SD) | 15.5 ± 13.74 | 14.16 ± 10.17 | 18.85 ± 27.29 | 0.775 |
|
Province of residence (n)
Aquila Chieti Pescara Teramo |
7 5 5 3 |
7 5 3 4 |
1 2 3 6 |
0.32 |
| Distance from the patient’s residence to the regional reference center (Km) (mean ± SD) | 61.42 ± 40.33 | 66.95 ± 28.48 | 61.65 ± 32.89 | 0.863 |
|
Number of inhabitants (n)
<10000 10-50000 50-250000 |
9 7 4 |
7 9 3 |
7 3 2 |
0.756 |
|
Degree of urbanization (n)
Densely populated Intermediate density Rural |
0 12 8 |
0 12 7 |
1 4 7 |
0.243 |
| Pediatricians/1000 residents/province (mean ± SD) | 0.85 ± 0.71 | 0.84 ± 0.69 | 0.85 ± 0.067 | 0.864 |