Table 4.

Results from histological/molecular evaluation.

Summarized results of tissue analysis
Reference	NOS	Smooth muscle/collagen ratio	Smooth muscle content	Other finding
1. Zheng et al. 13	Increased nNOS fibers			Suppression of miR-33 expression
2. Yang et al. 14	Increased nNOS fibers	Increased
3. Yang et al. 15	Increased nNOS fibers	Increased
4. Chen et al. 16	Increased nNOS expression		Increased	Anti-apoptotic Increased endothelial content
5. Ying et al. 17	Increased nNOS fibers		Increased	Increased myelinated axons
6. Wu et al. 18	No significant improvement		Increased	Anti-apoptotic
7. Matsuda et al. 19		Increased
8. Ouyang et al. 20	Increased nNOS expression	Increased	Increased	Anti-apoptotic
9. Li et al. 21	Increased nNOS expression
10. Zheng et al. 22				Suppression of miR-33 expression, promoting diffusion of ADSC to SC
11. Wu et al. 23			Increased expression of α-SMA	Increased expression of β III tubulin and CD31
12. Chen et al. 24	Increased nNOS fibers	Increased	Increased
13. Fang et al. 25	Increased nNOS fibers	Increased	Increased
14. Jeon et al. 26			Increased	Anti-apoptotic Increased VEGF expression
15. Song et al. 27	Increased nNOS fibers	Increased	Increased expression of α-SMA
16. Yang et al. 28	Increased nNOS fibers			Elevation of neurotrophic factors (VEGF, NGF, and Neurturin)
17. Kim et al. 29			Increased	Increased
18. Lee et al. 30	Increased nNOS fibers		Increased expression of α-SMA
19. Kim et al. 31	Increased nNOS fibers		Decrease in smooth muscle atrophy
20. You et al. 32	Increased nNOS fibers	Increased
21. You et al. 33	Increased nNOS expression		Increased
22. Jeong et al. 34	Increased nNOS expression	Increased		Increase in cGMP level
23. Qiu et al. 35	Increased nNOS fibers	Increased	Increased
24. Kim et al. 36	Increase in expressions of the eNOS and nNOS			Increase in neuronal cells
25. Kim et al. 37	Increase in eNOS and nNOS	Increased
26. Woo et al. 38				Increase in cGMP level
27. Albersen et al. 39	Increased nNOS fibers		Increased	Reduced apoptosis
28. Kim et al. 40			Increased	Nerve fiber regeneration
29. Bochinski et al. 41				Differentiation of embryonic stem cells into neural cells leading to improved ED

ADSC, adipose-derived stem cells; cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate; ED, erectile dysfunction; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; miR-33, micro-RNA; NGF, nerve growth factor; nNOS, neuronal nitric oxide synthase; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; SC, Schwann cells; SMA, smooth muscle actin; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.