Figure 1.

Associated changes in cardiometabolic risk during the menopause transition. Changes in cardiometabolic risk factors occur during the menopause transition, which is separated into two subcategories (early perimenopause and late perimenopause) and into the postmenopausal years. Horizontal arrows (↔) indicate stability, and smaller or larger/thicker directional arrows (↑ or ↓) indicate smaller or larger changes that occur. *Although E₂ concentrations are lower at menopause onset compared with premenopausal concentrations, the patterns of E₂ decline and FSH rise during perimenopause are heterogenous across women. AMH, anti-Müllerian hormone; C-IMT, carotid intima-media thickness; E₂, estradiol; EE, energy expenditure; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; FMP, final menstrual period; PWV, pulse wave velocity