Table 2.
Risk of mortality and morbidity associated with the quartiles of the deep-learning predicted age (RetiAGE score) in the UK Biobank study
| RetiAGE | Events | Inc. | Unadj. HR (95%CI) | CA-adj. HR (95%CI) | PhenoAGE-adj. HR (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All-cause mortality a | |||||
| 1st quartile | 225 | 1.6 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 2nd quartile | 447 | 3.3 | 2.06 (1.75, 2.42) | 1.31 (1.10, 1.54) | 1.26 (1.06, 1.48) |
| 3rd quartile | 612 | 4.6 | 2.89 (2.48, 3.37) | 1.41 (1.19, 1.67) | 1.32 (1.12, 1.55) |
| 4th quartile | 952 | 7.5 | 4.74 (4.10, 5.48) | 1.82 (1.54, 2.15) | 1.67 (1.42, 1.95) |
| HR trend, P for trend | 1.62 (1.55–1.68), P < 0.001 | 1.21 (1.15–1.26), P < 0.001 | 1.17 (1.12–1.23), P < 0.001 |
||
| CVD mortality a | |||||
| 1st quartile | 37 | 0.3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 2nd quartile | 116 | 0.9 | 3.26 (2.25, 4.72) | 1.87 (1.27, 2.74) | 1.7 (1.16, 2.48) |
| 3rd quartile | 182 | 1.4 | 5.26 (3.69, 7.49) | 2.21 (1.51, 3.22) | 1.91 (1.32, 2.75) |
| 4th quartile | 301 | 2.4 | 9.19 (6.53, 12.93) | 2.93 (2.01, 4.26) | 2.42 (1.69, 3.48) |
| HR trend, P for trend | 1.88 (1.74–2.04), P < 0.001 | 1.33 (1.22–1.46), P < 0.001 | 1.26 (1.16–1.38), P < 0.001 |
||
| Cancer mortality a | |||||
| 1st quartile | 147 | 1.1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 2nd quartile | 256 | 1.9 | 1.80 (1.47, 2.21) | 1.16 (0.94, 1.43) | 1.15 (0.93, 1.42) |
| 3rd quartile | 330 | 2.5 | 2.38 (1.96, 2.89) | 1.19 (0.96, 1.48) | 1.17 (0.95, 1.44) |
| 4th quartile | 543 | 4.3 | 4.11 (3.42, 4.93) | 1.65 (1.34, 2.04) | 1.60 (1.31, 1.96) |
| HR trend, P for trend | 1.57 (1.49–1.65), P < 0.001 | 1.19 (1.12–1.26), P < 0.001 | 1.18 (1.11–1.25), P < 0.001 |
||
| CVD events b | |||||
| 1st quartile | 168 | 1.3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 2nd quartile | 271 | 2.3 | 1.74 (1.44,2.11) | 1.17 (0.96,1.43) | 1.14 (0.93,1.39) |
| 3rd quartile | 358 | 3.2 | 2.43 (2.02,2.92) | 1.29 (1.06,1.58) | 1.23 (1.01,1.50) |
| 4th quartile | 458 | 4.5 | 3.46 (2.90,4.13) | 1.48 (1.21,1.82) | 1.39 (1.14,1.69) |
| HR trend, P for trend | 1.48 (1.41–1.56), P < 0.001 | 1.14 (1.07–1.21), P < 0.001 | 1.11 (1.05–1.18), P < 0.001 |
||
| Cancer events c | |||||
| 1st quartile | 1908 | 16.8 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 2nd quartile | 2,297 | 21.5 | 1.29 (1.22,1.37) | 1.07 (1.00,1.14) | 1.05 (0.98,1.12) |
| 3rd quartile | 2,629 | 26.0 | 1.57 (1.48,1.66) | 1.13 (1.05,1.20) | 1.11 (1.04,1.18) |
| 4th quartile | 2,994 | 31.6 | 1.93 (1.82,2.04) | 1.20 (1.12,1.29) | 1.18 (1.10,1.26) |
| HR trend, P for trend | 1.24 (1.22–1.26), P < 0.001 | 1.06 (1.04–1.09), P < 0.001 | 1.06 (1.04–1.09), P < 0.001 |
||
Inc = incidence per 1,000 person-years; CI = confidence interval; CVD = cardiovascular disease; HR = hazard ratio; Unadj. HR = unadjusted HR; CA-adj. HR = HR adjusted HR on chronological age; PhenoAGE-adj. HR = HR adjusted on PhenoAGE; PhenoAGE = phenotypic age calculated based on clinical biomarkers (CA, albumin, creatinine, glucose, C-reactive protein [log], lymphocyte percent, mean [red] cell volume, red cell distribution width, alkaline phosphatase, white blood cell count); RetiAGE = deep learning-based retinal biological age.
a n = 56,301; bn = 49,493 for CVD; cn = 48,457