Table 3. Classification Results of Nine Models on VAE-Encoded Data of Kidney Cancer Spectra.

model	LOPOCV (%)	accuracy (%)	AUC
Gaussian NB	82.7	81.4	0.835
LDA	80.6	80.2	0.823
LR	79.3	78.9	0.795
MLP	79.2	78.4	0.806
SVM (RBF)	79.2	78.7	0.793
KNN	79.1	77.6	0.785
SVM (linear)	78.5	76.4	0.777
RF	78.5	77.3	0.783
Ada	73.4	72.6	0.747