Table 1. Characteristics of the study population according to mode of delivery (vaginal or C-section) of pregnancies with a single fetus in Colombia during 2016.
| Characteristics | Total N=628780 n (%) | Mode of delivery | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vaginal N=342641 n(%) | C-section N=286139 n (%) | p-value | ||
| Individual-level characteristics | ||||
| Maternal age (years) | ||||
| <20 | 132.625 (21.09) | 81.132 (23.68) | 51.493 (18.00) | <0.001 |
| 20-39 | 482.768 (76.78) | 255.669 (74.62) | 227.104 (79.37) | |
| ≥40 | 13.387 (2.13) | 5.841 (1.70) | 7.546 (2.64) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married, Common low | 524.402 (83.40) | 280.844 (81.96) | 243.558 (85.12) | <0.001 |
| Single, Widowed, Divorced | 89.982 (14.31) | 55.097 (16.08) | 34.885 (12.19) | |
| No information | 14.396 (2.29) | 6.700 (1.96) | 7.696 (2.69) | |
| Educational level | ||||
| University, Posgraduate | 75.765 (12.52) | 30.177 (9.11) | 45.588 (16.63) | <0.001 |
| Technical, Technological | 72.777 (12.02) | 36.433 (11.00) | 36.344 (13.26) | |
| High, Bachelor, Normal | 370.884 (61.27) | 210.474 (63.56) | 160.410 (58.51) | |
| None, Elementary | 85.901 (14.19) | 54.076 (16.33) | 31.825 (11.61) | |
| Health Social Security Insurance affiliation | ||||
| Contributory | 274.836 (43.71) | 140.723 (41.07) | 134.113 (46.87) | <0.001 |
| Subsidized | 323.384 (51.43) | 185.600 (54.17) | 137.784 (48.15) | |
| Special or exception | 16.357 (2.60) | 7.406 (2.16) | 8.951 (3.13) | |
| Uninsure | 14.203 (2.26) | 8.912 (2.60) | 5.291 (1.85) | |
| Mother´s area of residence | ||||
| Municipal seat | 504.113 (80.17) | 264.434 (77.18) | 239.679 (83.76) | <0.001 |
| Small town | 45.408 (7.22) | 26.355 (7.69) | 19.053 (6.66) | |
| Rural | 79.259 (12.61) | 51.852 (15.13) | 27.407 (9.58) | |
| Area of birth | ||||
| Municipal seat | 626.556 (99.65) | 340.579 (99.40) | 285.984 (99.94) | <0.001 |
| Small town | 1639(0.26) | 1610(0.47) | 29(0.01) | |
| Rural | 585(0.09) | 452(0.13) | 133(0.05) | |
| Gestational age (weeks) | ||||
| < 27 | 2.229 (0.35) | 1.026(0.30) | 1.203(0.42) | <0.001 |
| 28 a 37 | 117.175 (18.64) | 54.170(15.81) | 63.005(22.02) | |
| 38 a 41 | 508.070 (80.80) | 286.660(83.66) | 221.410(77.38) | |
| ≥42 | 1.306 (0.21) | 785(0.23) | 521(0.18) | |
| Parity | ||||
| Primiparous | 307580 (48.92) | 167.882 (49.00) | 139.698 (48.82) | 0.167 |
| Multiparous | 321.200 (51.08) | 174.759 (51.00) | 146.441 (51.18) | |
| Number of Prenatal Care visits | ||||
| <5 | 116.535 (18.53) | 72.567 (21.18) | 43.968 (15.37) | <0.001 |
| 5-9 | 459.718 (73.11) | 243.837 (71.16) | 215.881 (75.45) | |
| >=10 | 52.527 (8.35) | 26.237 (7.66) | 26.290 (9.19) | |
| Etnicity | ||||
| None | 585.186 (93.07) | 313.845 (91.60) | 271.341 (94.83) | <0.001 |
| Indigenous | 13.535 (2.15) | 10.778 (3.15) | 2.757 (0.96) | |
| ROM | 43(0.01) | 26(0.01) | 17(0.01) | |
| Afrocolombian/black /mulato Palenquera /Raizal | 30.016(4.77) | 17.992(5.25) | 12.024(4.20) | |
| Newborn gender | ||||
| Male | 323.608 (51.47) | 174.706 (50.99) | 148.902 (52.04) | <0.001 |
| Female | 305.172 (48.53) | 167.935 (49.01) | 137.237 (47.96) | |
| Birthweight (g) | ||||
| Normal: 2,500-3,999 | 560.623(89.16) | 313.592(91.52) | 247.031(86.33) | <0.001 |
| Low: <2,500 g | 50.577 (8.04) | 21.957 (6.41) | 28.620 (10.00) | |
| Macrosomic: ≥4,000 | 17.580(2.80) | 7.092(2.07) | 10.488(3.67) | |
| Birth lenght (cm) | ||||
| ≥50 | 378.203 (60.22) | 211.024 (61.59) | 167.636 (58.59) | <0.001 |
| <50 | 250.120 (39.78) | 131.617 (38.41) | 118.503 (41.41) | |
| 1 minute -Apgar | ||||
| Normal ≥7 | 608.674(96.80) | 331.406(96.72) | 277.268(96.90) | <0.001 |
| Low 4-6 | 16.934(2.69) | 9.523(2.78) | 7.411(2.59) | |
| Very low ≤3 | 3.172(0.50) | 1.712(0.50) | 1.460(0.51) | |
| Contextual Characteristics | ||||
| Region | ||||
| Andina | 330.935 (52.63) | 202.530 (59.11) | 128.405 (44.88) | <0.001 |
| Amazonas | 13.223 (2.10) | 8.400 (2.45) | 4.823 (1.69) | |
| Caribe e Insular | 171.485 (27.27) | 61.534 (17.96) | 109.955 (38.43) | |
| Orinoquia | 25.556 (4.06) | 17.207 (5.02) | 8.348 (2.92) | |
| Pacífica | 87.581/13.93) | 52.970 (15.46) | 34.611 (12.10) | |
| Gross Domestic Product Growth | ||||
| Decreased | 60.411 (9.61) | 37.700(11.00) | 22.711(7.94) | <0.001 |
| Low | 139.102 (22.12) | 65.505(19.12) | 73.597(25.72) | |
| Middle | 207.374 (32.98) | 129.064(37.67) | 78.310(27.37) | |
| High | 221.893 (35.29) | 110.064(32.21) | 111.521(38.97) | |
| Timeliness of obstetrician appointment | ||||
| Very low | 383.868 (61.05) | 200.047(58.38) | 183.821(64.24) | <0.001 |
| Low | 147.069 (23.39) | 91.029 (26.57) | 56.040 (19.58) | |
| Middle | 61.295 (9.75) | 32.245 (9.41) | 29.050 (10.15) | |
| High | 36.548 (5.81) | 19.320 (5.64) | 17.228 (6.02) | |