Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Mar 30;60(1):729–742. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2046111

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PMC Copyright notice

graphic file with name IPHB_A_2046111_F0003a_B.jpg — AMPK acts as an upstream mediator of Nrf2 activation during β-HIVS-regulated macrophage polarization. (A) RAW 264.7 cells were incubated with 1 μM β-HIVS for different time periods, and Western blot analysis was conducted to detect the levels of p-AMPKα (Thr-172) and AMPKα. *p < 0.05 compared with the ‘0 h’ group. (B–F) The macrophages were incubated with 1 μM β-HIVS alone or combined with CC (Compound C, 10 μM, 30 min earlier) for 1 h, followed by 100 ng/mL LPS for another 3 h (B,C) or 24 h (D–F). After treatment, Western blot analysis was used to detect the levels of p-AMPKα/AMPKα (B), nuclear Nrf2 (C), HO-1, and NQO-1 (D). ^$p < 0.05, ^#p < 0.05, ^△p < 0.05, and *p < 0.05 vs. the control, β-HIVS alone, LPS alone, and LPS + β-HIVS groups, respectively. Real-time PCR assay (E) and flow cytometry assay (F) were performed to examine the changes in macrophage polarization, respectively. ^$p < 0.05, ^#p < 0.05, and *p < 0.05 vs. the control, LPS alone, and LPS + β-HIVS groups, respectively.

graphic file with name IPHB_A_2046111_F0003b_B.jpg — AMPK acts as an upstream mediator of Nrf2 activation during β-HIVS-regulated macrophage polarization. (A) RAW 264.7 cells were incubated with 1 μM β-HIVS for different time periods, and Western blot analysis was conducted to detect the levels of p-AMPKα (Thr-172) and AMPKα. *p < 0.05 compared with the ‘0 h’ group. (B–F) The macrophages were incubated with 1 μM β-HIVS alone or combined with CC (Compound C, 10 μM, 30 min earlier) for 1 h, followed by 100 ng/mL LPS for another 3 h (B,C) or 24 h (D–F). After treatment, Western blot analysis was used to detect the levels of p-AMPKα/AMPKα (B), nuclear Nrf2 (C), HO-1, and NQO-1 (D). ^$p < 0.05, ^#p < 0.05, ^△p < 0.05, and *p < 0.05 vs. the control, β-HIVS alone, LPS alone, and LPS + β-HIVS groups, respectively. Real-time PCR assay (E) and flow cytometry assay (F) were performed to examine the changes in macrophage polarization, respectively. ^$p < 0.05, ^#p < 0.05, and *p < 0.05 vs. the control, LPS alone, and LPS + β-HIVS groups, respectively.