Table 2. Definitions of behavioural and cardiac measures that were included in the principal component analyses for the novel arena test (NA), the novel object test (NO), the novel human test (NH), and the weighing test (WH).

Test	Measure	Type	Definition
NA, NO, NH	Total time inactive	Duration (s)	Animal is standing still; legs are not moving
NA, NO, NH	Vocalising	Frequency	Animal is vocalising with open or closed mouth
NO	Object contact	Frequency	Animal’s snout touches or is within 5 cm of the object
NH	Human contact	Frequency	Animal’s snout touches or is within 5 cm of the human
NA, NO, NH	Change of segment	Frequency	Animal moves to another segment with at least both front legs (see Fig. 1)
NA, NO, NH	Staying in inner segments	Duration (s)	Segments 5 and 8 (see Fig. 1)
NA, NO, NH, WH	Heart rate	Beats per minute (bpm)	Baseline-subtracted heart rate during test
WH	Weighing score	Scores 1–4*	Mean score (see Table 1) given by experimenters during weighing on scale, from high (= 1) to low (= 4) stress
WH	Exiting score	Scores 1–4*	Mean score (see Table 1) given by experimenters during exiting of scale cage, from high (= 1) to low (= 4) stress
WH	Entering score	Scores 1–4*	Mean score (see Table 1) given by experimenters during entering of scale cageTable-Foot, from high (= 1) to low (= 4) stress

Note:

^*Scoring system according to D’Eath et al. (2009).