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. 2022 Apr;74(2):387–438. doi: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000375

TABLE 4.

Comorbidities of PTE

Conditions/Diagnoses Symptoms
Sensorimotor Deficits Vision disturbances Difficulty recognizing or processing objects, blurry or lost vision, double vision, loss of depth perception
Tinnitus High-pitched ringing or buzzing in one or both ears, often associated with hearing loss
Neuropathic itch Skin tingling or pain resulting from nervous system damage
Vestibular agnosia Loss of vertigo perception and imbalance
Motor deficits Imbalance, changes in ambulatory gait, loss of fine motor skills
Cognitive Impairments Mental fatigue and attention impairment Inability to concentrate or focus, even on simple tasks
Short-term memory impairment Inability to recall or remember information to which the subject was recently exposed
Difficulty with critical thinking or problem solving Difficulty processing, analyzing, evaluating, or synthesizing information to reflect, reason, communicate, or solve problems
Psychiatric Disorders Depression/affective disorders Constant feeling of sadness, loss or interest, and irritability; often associated with fatigue, lack of motivation, difficulty with recall, or suicidal thoughts
Anxiety Intense, excessive, and persistent worry or fear about everyday situations; avoidance; phobias; obsessive compulsive symptoms
PTSD Difficulty recovering after a traumatic event that triggers moments of intense emotional and physical reactions, such as headache, nightmares, pain, flashbacks, amnesia, or difficulty concentrating
ADHD Hyperactivity, impaired attention, reduced work speed, and difficulty with working or short-term memory
Sleep Disorders Insomnia Difficulty falling or staying asleep, insufficient number of hours or sleep despite adequate opportunity
Parasomnia Night terrors, sleep walking/talking, confusion arousals, REM sleep behavior disorder
Idiopathic hypersomnia Excessive daytime sleepiness
Narcolepsy Overwhelming daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, sleep-related hallucinations
Sleep apnea Snoring, restlessness, apnea, open-mouth breathing, sleep fragmentation
Circadian rhythm disorder Sleep-wake cycle is not aligned with environment/schedule and interferes with daily activities; difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep