Table 1.

Summary of chemicals produced from agro-biomass residues

S. no.	Name of chemicals	Substrate name	Microbe’s name	Production process strategy	Yields	Reference
1.	Diosgenin	Dioscorea zingiberensis	Mixed culture of Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus fumigatus	Solid-state fermentation	95.82%	[69]
2.	Glutathione	Spent coffee grounds	Millerozyma farinosa	SmF		[70]
3.	2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA)	Lignocellulosic biomass	Chemical route	Catalyzed synthesis	75%	[71]
4.	Glucaric acid	Corn stover	Gluconobacter oxydans	Two-stage fermentation	8.7 g/L/h	[72]
5.	Glutamic acid	Rice straw	Bacillus subtilis NX-2	Solid-stage fermentation	73.0 g /L	[73]
6.	Itaconic acid	Glucose	Aspergillus terreus	SmF	146 g/L	[74]
7.	1,2-Propendiol	Cellobiose	Beta-glucosidase-expressing E. coli	SmF	1.48 g/L	[75]
8.	2,4-Butanediol	Soy hull hydrolyzate	K. pneumoniae	SmF	21.9 g/L	[76]
9.	Isoprene	Poplar (Populus spp.)	Recombinant technology	-	-	[77]
10.	Lactic acid	beechwood	Lactobacillus delbrueckii sp. bulgaricus	SmF	51.6 g/L	[78]
11.	Ectoine	Rice straw hydrolyzate	Halomonas elongata.	SmF	377 mmol/kg FW	[79]
12.	R(3)-Butyric acid	Glucose, xylose, and arabinose	E. coli PPA652ara	SmF	1.38 g g−1 dry cell	[80]