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. 2022 Apr 1;10:15. doi: 10.1186/s40364-022-00362-8

Table 1.

The role and mechanism of m5C in cancer

m5C regulators Position Function Potential mechanism Refs
ALYREF, NSUN5, DNMT1 HNSCC Participate in progress and predict prognosis Involved in regulating tumor energy metabolism and protein synthesis [90]
NSUN2 Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation Regulate downstream gene p57Kip2 [98]
NSUN2 HDFs Cell Proliferation and Senescence Regulate the expression of p27 and CDK1 [99]
NSUN2 U87 Cell Migration Participate in regulation by methylating ATX mRNA [100]
NSUN2 HCC Cell Differentiation Recruit oncoprotein G3BP1 [95]
NSUN2, ALYREF Bladder Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration Regulation of mRNA stability through a new binding protein YBX1 in the cytoplasm [31]
NSUN6 Pancreatic Cancer Cell Proliferation Regulates cell cycle and G2M checkpoints [101]
NSUN4, ALYREF HCC Tumor progression High expression of NSUN4 and ALYREF is significantly correlated with survival outcome [94]
NSUN2, NSUN6 TNBC Tumor proliferation Occurrence and Metastasis. Affect tumor development and tumor immune microenvironment [102]
NSUN2 Gastrointestinal Cancer Tumor progression and pathological staging Regulates GSK3B and participates in the ErbB/PI3K-Akt signaling pathway [103]
DNMT3A Glioblastoma Multiforme Tumor progression Inhibit the formation of miRNA/mRNA duplexes, loss of tumor suppression kinetic energy [104]
ALYREF Bladder Cancer Glycolysis and Tumorigenesis Overexpression of ALYREF promotes the proliferation of bladder cancer cells through PKM2-mediated glycolysis. [105]