Figure 4.

Metformin treatment alleviated HG-induced injury by regulating the FXR/VEGF-A/eNOS signaling pathway. (a) The viability of metformin-treated MS-1 cells in which FXR or VEGF-A activity was inhibited was observed after 48 h via CCK-8 assay. (b) The proliferation of metformin-treated MS-1 cells in which FXR or VEGF-A activity was inhibited was observed after 48 h via EdU staining (Scale bar = 50 μm). (c) FXR, VEGF-A and eNOS levels were detected via WB analysis. (d) FXR, VEGF-A and eNOS levels were detected via immunofluorescence (Scale bar = 20 μm). (e) FXR, VEGF-A and eNOS mRNA expression was detected by real-time PCR. (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001).