Table 2.

Clinical findings of the MSCs therapy in IBD patients

MSC type		IBD type	Administration schedule	Number of patients	Follow-up duration	Clinical phase	Outcome	References
BM-MSCs	Autologous	Luminal CD	Two doses of 1–2 × 106 cells/kg, IV injection, 7 days apart	9	6 weeks	Phase I	The decrease in CDAI score in 3 patients after 6 weeks	[26]
		CD	A single dose of 2 × 107, 5 × 107, or 10 × 107 cells/kg, IV injection	12	2 weeks	Phase I	Safe and feasible at the doses of up to 10 million cells/kg	[27]
	Allogeneic	Perianal fistulizing CD	A single dose of 1 × 107, 3 × 107, or 9 × 107, local injection	24	24 weeks	Phase II	No severe adverse events 3 × 107 MSCs induced healing of perianal fistulas	[24]
		UC/CD	A single dose of (1.5–2) × 108, IV injection	21	6, 12, and 24 weeks	Phase II	The decrease in the clinical and morphological indices of inflammatory activity in 34 (72%) patients	[28]
		Luminal CD	A single dose of 2 × 106 cells/kg weekly for 4 weeks, IV injection	16	6 weeks	Phase II	The decrease in CDAI score in 15 patients after 6 weeks	[25]
AD-MSCs	Autologous	Perianal fistulizing CD	2 × 107 cells/kg, local injection	12	24 weeks	Phase I	Complete clinical healing in 9 patients after 12 weeks Complete clinical healing in 10 patients after 24 weeks	[33]
		Perianal fistulizing CD	1 × 107, 2 × 107, or 4 × 107 cells/ml in three groups	9	8 weeks	Phase I	2 patients treated with 2 × 107 cells/ml showed complete healing and 3 patients treated with 4 × 107 cells/ml showed complete healing at week 8	[34]
		Perianal fistulizing CD	3 × 107 cells per centimeter length of the fistula	43	8 weeks	Phase II	Complete fistula healing in 27/33 (82%) patients after 8 weeks Complete closure of fistula in 23/26 (88%) patients after 1 year	[32]
	Allogeneic	Perianal fistulizing CD	A single dose of 1.2 × 108, Intralesional injection	212	24 weeks	Phase III	Combined remission in 50% of patients	[30]
		Perianal fistulizing CD	A single dose intralesionally If 2 × 107 failed, 4 × 107 subsequently	24	24 weeks	Phase II	The decrease in the number of draining fistulas in 69.2% of patients Complete fistula closure treated in 56.3% of patients Complete closure of all existing fistula tracts in 30% of patients	[35]
hUC-MSCs	Allogeneic	UC/CD	1 × 106 cells/kg, IV injection	7	6 months	Phase I	The decrease in clinical activity index scores in all patients The decrease in fistula size and drainage in one patient The decrease in rough mucosa, polypoid lesions, and ulcers in three patients The decrease in the extent of the inflamed area and the dense lymphocytic infiltration in the mucosa propria A relapse in two patients at 6 and 7 months after treatment At the 3-month visit, five patients achieved remission and maintenance of remission lasted for more than 24 months in two patients	[36]