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The effects of Butorphanol tartrate on TNF-α-induced inflammation in HC-A chondrocytes. The cells were treated with Butorphanol tartrate (0, 2, 4 μM) and TNF-α (20 ng/ml) for 24 hours. (a) The mRNA level of IL-6 and IL-8; (b) secretions of IL-6 and IL-8 (‡‡, P < 0.01 vs. Control group; †, ††, P < 0.05, 0.01 vs. TNF-α group).
