Table 2.
The recent development of the COVID-19 vaccine candidates in some countries in Southeast Asia
| Country | Developer | Vaccine | Vaccine technology | Clinical trial phase |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indonesia | Biofarma, Ejikman Institute and Indonesian Insitute of Science | Merah Putih | Subunit S | Pre-clinical trials, phase 3 estimated in 2022 |
| Thailand | Chula Vaccine Research Center at Chulalongkorn University | ChulaCov19 | Self-replicating mRNA | Phase 1 completed, planning to conduct phase 2 |
| Thailand | Mahidol University | Butanvac | Non-replicating viral vector | Phase 2 in Thailand and Brazil |
| Singapore | Duke-National University of Singapore, Arcturus Therapeutics | Lunar-COV19 | Self-replicating mRNA | Phase 1 and 2 |
| Vietnam | Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC | Nanocovax | Subunit vaccine | Entered phase 3 of clinical trials, expected to be available on the fourth quarter of 2021 |
| Vietnam | Institute of Vaccines and Biological Medical – Nha Trang | Covivac | S protein | Entered phase 2 clinical trial |