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Longitudinal change in self-reported loneliness during the pandemic (T1–T5, biweekly) by Site (A) and by Site and Gender (B). The theoretical range of loneliness is from 1 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater self-reported loneliness. Duration indicated the number of days between March 17, 2020 and when a participant completed a given assessment. Error bars represent 83% confidence intervals to facilitate group-difference comparison (Austin & Hux, 2002).
