Table 2.
LLFS Exceptional Survival Phenotypes and Environmental Exposure Measures in Visit 1, Annual Follow-up, and Visit 2
| LLFS Core Phenotypes | Interview; Physical Exam; Biospecimen Repository Performed in Visit 1 | Annual Phone Follow-up. “Expanded” f/up Performed Each Year for G1, Every 3 y for G2 < 70 y old and Annually for G2 ≥ 70 y | Visit 2 | Measured in Framingham Heart Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Validated age or age at death, Family history of longevity longevity | Update vital status (annual and expanded) | Update vital status | Age of death |
| Disability-free survival | ||||
| Cognitive function | Medical history; Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, MMSE, Logical Memory—Immediate, Digit Span Forward, Digit Span Backward, Category Fluency, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Logical Memory—Delayed | Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) and Dementia Questionnaire (DQ) (expanded) | Same as visit 1 but adds digital pen and digital voice data, HVLT, Clock drawing, Trail Making, Letter fluency | MMSE Neuropsych arm: category fluency, clock drawing, trail making, letter fluency |
| Physical function | ADLs; grip strength, gait speed, balance, chair stands, heart rate | IADLs, ADLs (annual and expanded) | Same as visit 1, IADL, and Pittsburgh Fatigue Scale | Grip, gait speed |
| Disease-free survival | ||||
| CVD | Medical history; blood pressure (BP), ankle-brachial index (ABI) | Medical history update (expanded) | Visit 1 + carotid ultra sound | Medical history, BP, ABI, carotid |
| Cancer | Medical history | Update (expanded) | Update | Similar |
| Lung disease | Medical history; FEV1, FEV6 with portable spirometer | Medical history update (expanded) | Update | Medical history, FEV1 |
| Diabetes | Medical history, medication use; fasting glucose and insulin, weight, waist circumference, height, knee height | Medical history, medication use update (expanded) | Update (no insulin) | Medical history, weight, height, waist |
| Renal disease | Medical history; see labs below | Update (expanded) | Update | Medical history, creatinine |
| Depression/personality | CES-D, neuroticism, extraversion, openness (NEO) 2 factors only | Full 5-factor NEO (expanded once) | CES-D | |
| Environmental/behavioral exposures | ||||
| Social | Place of birth, education | Not needed | No | Similar |
| Habits | Smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity (current and historical) | Physical activity and sleep habits (one time follow-up) | Update | Similar |
| Health care | Utilization, classes of medications | Update (annual and expanded) | Update | Similar |
| Nutrition | Weight history | Not collected | Update | Similar |
| Reproduction | Parity, age of last pregnancy, age at menopause, hormone replacement therapy | Medication update (expanded) | Update if age < 65 | Age at menopause |
| Laboratory studies | ||||
| Genetics | Leukocytes or buccal cells for DNA, future lymphoblastoid cell lines. Telomere studies | None | Repeated | Genome-wide genotype data |
| Other | Fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1C, creatinine, cystatin C, total/HDL/LDL cholesterol, hemoglobin, leukocyte, and platelet counts. Iron, TIBC, ferritin, IL6, heat shock protein 60 and 70. 10 aliquots serum + plasma for future analysis | None | * | Fasting glucose, insulin, lipids |
Notes: ADL = activities of daily living; CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; CVD = cardiovascular disease; LLFS = Long Life Family Study; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination.*Due to budget limitations, limited biochemical analyses were performed on visit 2 specimens. In the current funding period, we are repeating visit 1 assays on stored visit 2 biospecimens.