Table 4.
Weighted Baseline Characteristics and Health Change at Follow-Up by Change in HCB Status Between 2015 and 2017 Among Low- and Moderate-Income Older Renters
| Total sample | Consistent No HCB | Resolved HCB | Developed HCB | Persistent HCB | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||
| Female (%) | 59.2 | 54.6 | 60.6 | 51.0 | 64.8 | .108 |
| Age (1–6 scale) | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.6 | .289 |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | .078 | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 60.0 | 67.6 | 59.6 | 56.5 | 55.2 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 18.1 | 17.3 | 24.0 | 19.8 | 16.7 | |
| Hispanic | 16.7 | 11.6 | 12.7 | 22.7 | 19.8 | |
| Another race/ethnicity | 5.3 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 8.3 | |
| Lives alone (%) | 56.1 | 58.3 | 58.1 | 68.5 | 50.1 | .124 |
| Education (%) | .133 | |||||
| Below high school | 34.1 | 27.5 | 28.6 | 43.4 | 37.9 | |
| High school | 25.9 | 28.5 | 19.6 | 26.8 | 25.4 | |
| Beyond high school | 40.0 | 44.0 | 51.9 | 29.8 | 36.7 | |
| Average annual income (dollars) | 21,161 | 26,840 | 15,805 | 24,667 | 17,180 | <.001 |
| Medicaid | 40.8 | 38.7 | 32.1 | 49.0 | 42.2 | .305 |
| Housing quality concern (%) | 22.1 | 24.7 | 16.8 | 21.3 | 21.7 | .714 |
| Neighborhood physical disorder (%) | 19.5 | 15.5 | 13.1 | 19.8 | 24.3 | .102 |
| Low neighborhood social cohesion (%) | 23.9 | 18.7 | 24.5 | 27.3 | 26.6 | .471 |
| 2015 Health measures | ||||||
| Self-rated health (1–5) | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.9 | .539 |
| Poor self-rated health (%) | 8.6 | 5.4 | 11.8 | 12.5 | 8.9 | .291 |
| ADL/IADL limitation (0–12) | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 1.9 | .162 |
| Change between 2015 and 2017 (%) | ||||||
| Self-rated health declinea | 47.3 | 44.4 | 29.4 | 49.8 | 53.6 | .018 |
| New ADL/IADL limitation | 57.7 | 51.6 | 51.6 | 51.2 | 66.0 | .012 |
| Total sample (%) | 32.7 | 11.6 | 13.2 | 42.6 |
Notes: ADL = activities of daily living; HCB = housing cost burden; IADL = instrumental activities of daily living. The mean is presented for continuous variables. n = 687. The p value reflects the design-based F test that corrects for the National Health and Aging Trends complex survey design.
aParticipants who had poor self-rated health (n = 60) at baseline in 2015 were excluded.