Table 1.
Overview of the Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Study Sample
| Overall (n=63) | No-Primary Needling (n=44) | Primary Needling (n=19) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 71.0 (7.2) | 71.1 (7.7) | 70.7 (6.3) | 0.9164a |
| 95% CI | 69.2 to 72.8 | 68.8 to 73.1 | 67.7 to 73.8 | |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Men | 31 (49.2) | 21 (47.7) | 10 (52.6) | 0.7879b |
| Women | 32 (50.8) | 23 (52.3) | 9 (47.4) | |
| Eye, n (%) | ||||
| Right | 37 (58.7) | 26 (59.1) | 11 (57.9) | 1.000b |
| Left | 26 (41.3) | 18 (40.9) | 8 (42.1) | |
| Surgery | ||||
| XEN | 11 (17.5) | 9 (20.5) | 2 (10.5) | 0.4799b |
| XEN+PHACO | 52 (82.5) | 35 (79.5) | 17 (89.5) | |
| Type of glaucoma, n (%) | ||||
| NTG | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.3) | 0.4508c |
| POAG | 48 (76.2) | 33 (75.0) | 15 (78.9) | |
| PreP POAG | 2 (3.2) | 2 (4.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| HTO | 11 (17.5) | 8 (18.2) | 3 (15.8) | |
| PXG | 1 (1.6) | 1 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Main reason for surgery, n (%) | ||||
| Insufficient IOP control | 19 (30.2) | 11 (25.0) | 8 (42.1) | 0.1048c |
| VF progression | 21 (33.3) | 18 (40.9) | 3 (15.8) | |
| Intolerance to TOHM | 22 (34.9) | 15 (34.1) | 7 (36.8) | |
| Poor adherence | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.3) | |
| Secondary reason for surgery, n (%) | ||||
| Insufficient IOP control | 7 (36.8) | 6 (40.0) | 1 (25.0) | 0.1716c |
| VF progression | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (25.0) | |
| Intolerance to TOHM | 10 (52.6) | 9 (60.0) | 1 (25.0) | |
| Poor adherence | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (25.0) | |
| IOP, mm Hg | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 17.6 (5.3) | 17.3 (5.2) | 18.2 (5.5) | 0.4851a |
| 95% CI | 16.3 to 18.9 | 15.7 to 18.9 | 15.5 to 20.8 | |
| Number of OHM | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 2.1 (0.7) | 2.1 (0.6) | 2.0 (0.9) | 0.5854a |
| 95% CI | 1.9 to 2.3 | 1.9 to 2.3 | 1.6 to 2.5 | |
| Type of OHM, n (%)* | ||||
| PA | 50 (79.4) | 38 (86.4) | 12 (63.2) | 07289c |
| BB | 44 (69.8) | 31 (70.5) | 13 (68.4) | |
| CAI | 26 (41.3) | 17 (38.6) | 9 (47.4) | |
| AA | 11 (17.5) | 7 (15.9) | 4 (21.1) | |
| BCVA, logMAR test | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 0.54 (0.21) | 0.55 (0.23) | 0.54 (0.13) | 0.7847a |
| 95% CI | 0.49 to 0.60 | 0.48 to 0.62 | 0.48 to 0.60 | |
| RNFL thickness, µm** | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 77.4 (16.9) | 76.5 (18.3) | 79.7 (12.7) | 0.5029a |
| 95% CI | 73.0 to 81.9 | 70.8 to 82.2 | 76.2 to 86.3 | |
| VF, dB | ||||
| MD | ||||
| Mean (SD) | −5.6 (5.0) | −6.0 (4.7) | −4.7 (5.6) | 0.0790a |
| 95 CI | −6.9 to −4.3 | −7.5 to −4.5 | −7.5 to −2.0 | |
| PSD | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 4.9 (3.3) | 5.1 (3.4) | 45 (3.1) | 0.5236a |
| 95% CI | 4.1 to 5.8 | 4.0 to 6.2 | 3.0 to 6.0 | |
| VFI | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 87.3 (14.7) | 86.3 (13.8) | 89.3 (16.4) | 0.1166a |
| 95% CI | 83.4 to 91.1 | 81.8 to 90.7 | 81.4 to 97.2 |
Notes: aMann–Whitney U-test. bFisher exact test. cChi-squared test. *Percentage may be greater than 100%, because one eye may be taken more than one drug.
Abbreviations: OCT, **measure with optical coherence tomography; MMC, mitomycin-C; SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval; PHACO, phacoemulsification; NTG, normal tension glaucoma; POAG, primary open-angle glaucoma; HTO, ocular hypertension; PXG, pseudoexfoliative glaucoma; IOP, intraocular pressure; VF, visual field; TOHM, topical ocular hypotensive medications; OHM, ocular hypotensive medications; PA, prostaglandin analogue; BB, betablocker; CAI, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; AA, alfa agonist; BCVA, best corrected visual acuity; RNFL, retinal nerve fiber layer; MD, mean effect; PSD, pattern standard deviation; VFI, visual field index.