Table 1.

Studies of the microbiome profiles of asthmatic infants and children and the assessment of the role of each prevalent bacterium in asthma disease.

References	Population	Respiratory niche	Prevalent bacteria	Outcomes
Thorsen et al. (70)	700 infants from asthma history families	Hypopharynx, Lungs	Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Moraxella, Haemophilus, Corynebacterium	Risk for asthma development in the first 6 years of life
Bisgaard et al. (69)	321 neonates from asthma history families	Hypopharynx	Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae	Recurrent wheeze, asthma, and allergy risk in the first 5 years of life
Depner et al. (71)	68 asthmatic children	Nasopharynx	Moraxella	Loss of microbial abundance due to the prevalence of Moraxella
Teo et al. (75)	234 infants from asthmatic mothers	Nasopharynx	Moraxella, Haemophilus, Streptococcus	Development of acute upper respiratory tract infections, atopy and wheeze
Davis et al. (74)	16 asthmatic children and adults	Nasopharynx	Staphylococcus aureus	Increased risk of asthma prevalence, symptoms, and exacerbations in children and young adults
McCauley et al. (76)	413 asthmatic children	Nasopharynx	Moraxella catarrhalis	Increased risk for asthma exacerbation and eosinophil activation
McCauley et al. (76)	413 asthmatic children	Nasopharynx	Corynebacerium, Staphylococcus aureus	Reduced respiratory illness and exacerbation events
McCauley et al. (76)	413 asthmatic children	Nasopharynx	Streptococcus pneumoniae	Increased risk of rhinovirus infection
Perez-Losada et al. (77)	40 asthmatic children and adults	Nasopharynx	Moraxella, Staphylococcus	Provoke upper and lower airways infections in asthmatics
Kloepfer et al. (78)	166 asthmatic children	Nasopharynx	Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis	Contribute to the severity of respiratory tract illnesses, including asthma exacerbations
Yin et al. (79)	139 asthmatic children	Serum	Mycoplasma pneumoniae	High levels of IgM and eosinophils