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. 2022 Apr 1;49(8):8109–8120. doi: 10.1007/s11033-022-07359-4

Table 2.

Modification of plant N-glycan by glycoengineering to make protein compatible for functioning in humans

S/N Amino Acid Glycomoeity Enzymes involved Resultants Glycostructure Application References
A -ASN- graphic file with name 11033_2022_7359_Figa_HTML.gif

Xylosyltranferases&fucosyltransferases

(Genetic knock-out)

 graphic file with name 11033_2022_7359_Figb_HTML.gif Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-derived immunoglobulins (IgGs) was produced in plants which do not show any difference in Enzyme-link immunosorbent specificity assay [82, 83]
B -ASN- graphic file with name 11033_2022_7359_Figc_HTML.gif Galactosyltransferases graphic file with name 11033_2022_7359_Figd_HTML.gif Production of recombinant immunoglobulin which does not serve as a substrate for plant specific xylose and fucose [74]
C -ASN- graphic file with name 11033_2022_7359_Fige_HTML.gif β1,4-galactosyltranferases graphic file with name 11033_2022_7359_Figf_HTML.gif Production of antibody similar to the one produced by hybridoma technology [76, 84]
D -ASN- graphic file with name 11033_2022_7359_Figg_HTML.gif β1,4-galactosyltransferase with RNAi of fucosyl- and xylosyltranferases graphic file with name 11033_2022_7359_Figh_HTML.gif Production of human-compatible antibody [84]
E -ASN- graphic file with name 11033_2022_7359_Figi_HTML.gif

Xylosyl and fucosyltransferases,

β1,4-galactosyltransferase,

& α2,6-sialyltransferase

 graphic file with name 11033_2022_7359_Figj_HTML.gif Introduced sialic acid to the plant-derived proteins [80]
F -ASN- graphic file with name 11033_2022_7359_Figk_HTML.gif

α1,3-fucosyltransferase and

β1,4-galactosyltransferase

 graphic file with name 11033_2022_7359_Figl_HTML.gif protected galactosylated N-glycans from endogenous plant β-galactosidase activity [85]