Table 1.
Comparative electrochemical biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection
| Target analyte | Probe | Principle | Analysis Time | Mediator | L.O.D | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26-nt-long ORF1ab fragment of SARS-CoV-2 RNA | Hairpin 1 and 2 | Catalytic hairpin assembly | DPV (3 h) | Ru(NH3)63+ | 26 fM | [10] |
| 25-nt-long ORF1ab fragment of SARS-CoV-2 RNA | Thiolated DNA | MoS2 as platform for thiolated DNA probe immobilization and thionine-carbon nanodots as electrochemical indicator | DPV (2 h) | Thi-CNDs | 1.01 pM | [11] |
| SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene | Thiol-modified primers | Electrochemical biosensor combined with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) | DPV (-) | Potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]) | 0.972 fg/μL | [6] |
| SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene | Functionalized amine groups with probe DNA | Interdigitated platinum/titanium electrodes | Impedance (2 h) | - | 10 nM | [7] |
| COVID-19 N-gene | Especific biotin-labeled probes | Electropolymerized polyaniline (PANI) nanowires and newly designed peptides | DPV (1 h) | PANI polymer | 3.5 fM | [8] |
| Open reading frame (ORF1ab) from SARS-CoV-2 | Thiolated DNA | Supersandwich-type recognition strategy with calixarene | DPV (3 h) | Toluidine blue | 3 aM | [9] |
| SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and Spike genes | Dithiolated DNA and RNA | Gold nanotriangles (AuNTS)/electrochemical indicator | DPV (1.5 h) | Azure A | 22.2 fM | This work |