Kanmaz 2013.

Study characteristics
Methods	Single‐centre randomized controlled trial
Participants	Inclusion criteria GA less than <2 8 weeks, and/or birth weight < 1000 g. Exclusion criteria Major congenital abnormalities Life‐threatening infection Grade 3 or 4 IVH Urine output of < 1mL/Kg/hour during the preceding 8 hours Serum creatinine of >1.6 mg/dL Platelet count of < 60000/mm3 Tendency to bleed Hyperbilirubinaemia requiring exchange transfusion Persistent pulmonary hypertension Patients whose early enteral feeding and enteral drug use were inappropriate due to contraindications (such as congenital anomalies, meconium ileus, severe hypotension and asphyxia) were also excluded
Interventions	Active intervention (n = 23) Oral ibuprofen,10mg/kg within 12 to 24 hours after birth followed by 5 mg/kg at 24 and 48 hours. Control (n = 23) No placebo
Outcomes	Relevant outcomes for this study included Mortality IVH CLD NEC Gastrointestinal perforation Treatment for symptomatic PDA Surgical PDA ligation
Notes	Primary study location: Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Study period: July 2011 and November 2011 Trial registration: NCT01400737
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Sequence generation method not specified
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Patients allocated using sealed opaque envelopes.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	The control group received no treatment
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Cardiologist blinded to allocation
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Outcomes reported for all enrolled infants
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All outcomes described in protocol were reported. The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01400737).
Other bias	Unclear risk	Trial was ended prematurely due to high incidence of adverse effects.