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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Early Child Res Q. 2022 Jan 10;59:254–264. doi: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2021.12.003

Table 3.

Correlation Matrix of Observed Variables

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1. Time 1
2. Minutes .254 1
3. Education .294 .099 1
4. Work .063 −.041 .159 1
5. Community .189 .06 .421 .156 1
6. Income .288 .047 .609 .337 .476 1
7. Internet .128 .022 .346 .046 .257 .343 1
8. Benefit −.263 −.084 −.518 −.275 −.404 −.705 −.268 1
9. House .111 .027 .181 .134 .208 .394 .115 .354 1
10. Letter .204 .184 .283 .107 .173 .291 .149 .282 .119 1
11. Name .066 .143 .092 .068 .107 .147 .059 .122 .038 .553 1
12. Books .190 .171 .099 .106 .103 .142 −.004 .158 .065 .185 .166 1
13. Words .053 .083 .073 .016 .012 .064 −.012 .058 .063 .231 .232 .093 1
14. Pretend .166 .091 .136 .017 0.08 .120 .058 .072 0.024 .289 .265 .166 −.085 1
15. Color .175 .191 .181 .092 .184 .232 .178 .242 .134 .538 .395 .246 .118 .196 1

Note. Correlations greater than 0.107 are significant at p < .001 level. Correlations greater than 0.083 are significant at p < .01 level. Correlations greater than 0.063 are significant at p < .05 level. Time = Time spent reading to child; Minutes = Minutes spent each time reading to child; Education = Parent highest education level; Work = Parent highest work status; Community = community poverty percentage; Income = Total income; Internet = Internet access; Benefit = Receipt of welfare benefits status; House = House ownership; Letter = Recognize letters of alphabet; Name = Ability to write first name; Books = Read books by him/herself; Words = Actually read the written words in the book; Pretend = Pretend/Actually read the written words in the book; Color = Identify colors by name.