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. 2022 Feb 28;4(1):22–32. doi: 10.1002/pne2.12076

TABLE 1.

Description of the visual sequences and options for pain relief

Scenario Event Visual sequence Pain relief option
1 Falling off a bike

  1. A boy on his bike and smiling (no pain)

  2. The boy had fallen off his bike and was on the ground

  3. The boy was crying (tears) and that there was a visible cut on his knee from falling off his bike (ie, in pain)

  1. Band aid on knee or cold pack for head
2 Injury while playing football

  1. A boy holding a football in his right arm and smiling (no pain)

  2. The boy was in the park playing football with his friends

  3. The boy had been injured playing football. The picture shows that the ball had hit the boy's head and was he upset (ie, in pain)

  1. Cold pack for head or cream for arm
3 Hitting head against a door

  1. A boy walking into school and smiling (no pain)

  2. The boy had walked into a door and hit his head

  3. The boy had an injury to his head (bump on head which was large and red) and was visibly upset (ie, in pain)

  1. Cream for arm or cold pack for head)
4 Falling off a swing

  1. A boy on a swing and smiling (no pain)

  2. The boy had fallen off the swing

  3. The boy injured his arm (arm was bleeding) and he was visibly upset (ie, in pain)

  1. Band aid for arm or cold pack for head
5 Burning hand with boiling water

  1. A boy and a girl in a kitchen cooking (holding kitchen utensils, no pain)

  2. The girl had spilled hot water from a saucepan (steam coming from saucepan) onto her hand. Her hand was red to demonstrate a burn

  3. The girl had burnt her hand and was in pain (crying and holding her hand, that is, in pain)

  1. Band aid on knee or cream for hand

For pain relief options, the correct option is denoted in italics. Within the current study, the visual sequences were deemed to display a moderate level of pain. Therefore, a correct response was deemed to be a score of 6 or above on the Wong Baker FACES Pain Scale (WBFPS).