Main Hazard Model		Hazard Model with Time-Dependent Covariates		Logit model
	HR	95% Conf. Int.	HR	95% Conf. Int.	AOR	95% Conf. Int.
Exit type (Reference = Aged out)
Adopted	0.75	[0.37–1.54]	2.20	[0.73–6.62]	0.77	[0.37–1.64]
Reunified	1.73***	[1.46–2.06]	2.37***	[1.73–3.23]	1.87***	[1.53–2.29]
Guardianship/Permanent relative placement	1.34*	[1.01–1.78]	1.72*	[1.03–2.86]	1.36	[0.99–1.88]
Detained	3.22***	[2.57–4.05]	5.70***	[3.91–8.32]	4.20***	[3.09–5.71]
AWOL / Runaway	2.41***	[1.91–3.03]	3.47***	[2.29–5.26]	2.73***	[2.05–3.63]
Child Characteristics
Race (Reference = White)
Black	1.86***	[1.60–2.16]	1.85***	[1.59–2.15]	2.07***	[1.72–2.49]
Hispanic	1.25*	[1.03–1.52]	1.24*	[1.02–1.51]	1.24	[0.98–1.56]
American Indian	1.63***	[1.33–2.00]	1.63***	[1.33–2.00]	1.76***	[1.37–2.26]
Other	0.80	[0.47–1.35]	0.81	[0.48–1.36]	0.79	[0.45–1.41]
Age at first OHC episode	1.01	[0.99–1.03]	1.01	[0.99–1.03]	1.02	[1.00–1.04]
Received SSI as child	0.95	[0.84–1.08]	0.95	[0.84–1.08]	0.95	[0.81–1.10]
Female	0.11***	[0.09–0.13]	0.08***	[0.06–0.12]	0.09***	[0.07–0.11]
Birth year (reference =1987–1989)
1990–1992	0.99	[0.85–1.15]	1.20	[0.91–1.59]	0.95	[0.79–1.14]
1993–1995	1.09	[0.90–1.25]	1.31	[0.98–1.75]	0.88	[0.72–1.08]
1996–1997	0.95	[0.76–1.19]	1.09	[0.74–1.61]	0.35***	[0.27–0.45]
CPS history before last removal (reference = no known abuse or neglect) b
Neglect only	0.75**	[0.61–0.92]	0.74**	[0.61–0.91]	0.70**	[0.55–0.88]
Physical or emotional abuse only	1.11	[0.93–1.33]	1.11	[0.93–1.32]	1.14	[0.92–1.41]
Sexual abuse only	1.08	[0.84–1.40]	1.08	[0.84–1.39]	1.03	[0.76–1.40]
Multiple types	1.07	[0.85–1.35]	1.07	[0.85–1.35]	1.07	[0.81–1.40]
Total reports	0.97	[0.92–1.02]	0.97	[0.92–1.02]	0.97	[0.91–1.03]
Birth Family Characteristics
Mother’s age at first birth	0.98***	[0.97–0.99]	0.98***	[0.97–0.99]	0.97***	[0.96–0.99]
Child’s birth status (reference =marital birth)
Nonmarital birth	1.06	[0.92–1.22]	1.06	[0.92–1.22]	1.10	[0.93–1.30]
Birth status unknown	0.89	[0.74–1.06]	0.89	[0.74–1.07]	0.88	[0.71–1.09]
Biological family exposures between birth and last removal:
Percent months mother received food assistance	0.96	[0.75–1.22]	0.96	[0.76–1.22]	0.95	[0.71–1.27]
Mother’s average quarterly wages	1.01	[0.97–1.04]	1.04	[0.99–1.09]	1.00	[0.96–1.04]
Mother’s percent quarters employed	1.00	[0.75–1.32]	0.65*	[0.42–0.99]	1.08	[0.78–1.51]
Mother received cash assistance	1.11	[0.95–1.28]	1.10	[0.95–1.28]	1.13	[0.95–1.35]
Mother incarcerated	1.28*	[1.05–1.57]	1.28*	[1.05–1.57]	1.28	[0.99–1.66]
Father incarcerated	1.17*	[1.03–1.33]	1.17*	[1.03–1.33]	1.19*	[1.02–1.40]
Father incarceration unknown (father not identified)	1.08	[0.89–1.31]	1.07	[0.89–1.30]	1.11	[0.88–1.41]
Foster Care Characteristics
Logged time in care	1.00	[0.94–1.05]	1.00	[0.94–1.05]	1.00	[0.94–1.07]
Pct. time in kin setting	0.80*	[0.64–1.00]	0.80*	[0.64–0.99]	0.75*	[0.58–0.97]
Pct. time in congregate setting	1.60***	[1.37–1.87]	1.59***	[1.36–1.86]	1.70***	[1.41–2.05]
History of placement in detention	1.91***	[1.67–2.17]	1.92***	[1.68–2.18]	2.16***	[1.84–2.53]
History of temporary/shelter placements	1.00	[0.88–1.14]	1.01	[0.89–1.14]	1.02	[0.88–1.19]
Number of OHC episodes	1.05*	[1.01–1.10]	1.06*	[1.01–1.11]	1.07*	[1.00–1.13]
Number of OHC placements	1.03***	[1.01–1.04]	1.02***	[1.01–1.04]	1.03***	[1.02–1.05]
Time Dependent covariates
Exit type (reference = aged out)
Adopted			1.00	[0.90–1.00]
Reunified			0.99*	[0.98–1.00]
Guardianship/Permanent relative placement			0.99	[0.97–1.01]
Detained			0.97***	[0.96–0.99]
AWOL / Runaway			0.99*	[0.97–1.00]
Female			1.01	[1.00–1.02]
Year of birth			1.00	[1.00–1.00]
1990–1992			0.99	[0.98–1.00]
1993–1995			0.99	[0.98–1.00]
1996–1997			0.99	[0.97–1.02]
Mother’s average quarterly wages			1.00	[1.00–1.00]
Mother’s percent quarters employed			1.02*	[1.00–1.04]