Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants.
| Characteristics | Athlete group | HPA group | LPA group |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 22) | (n = 22) | (n = 22) | |
| Age, year (SD) | 21.55 ± 2.42 | 21.27 ± 2.47 | 21.27 ± 2.51 |
| Male (%) | 12 (54.5) | 12 (54.5) | 12 (54.5) |
| BMI, kg/m2 (SD) | 20.67 ± 5.26 | 22.28 ± 2.71 | 21.89 ± 2.81 |
| PA, METs· hour/week | 138.50 ± 108.26 | 59.13 ± 29.96 | 20.25 ± 13.17 |
| Muscle mass, kg (SD) | 27.45 ± 6.51 | 23.31 ± 6.44 | 20.52 ± 6.02 |
| Fat mass, kg (SD) | 9.70 ± 4.41 | 12.99 ± 4.76 | 15.06 ± 6.72 |
| Fat percentage, % (SD) | 14.30 ± 5.26 | 20.47 ± 6.67 | 24.08 ± 8.46 |
| Grip strength, kg (SD) | |||
| Left | 37.34 ± 9.81 | 33.41 ± 10.42 | 29.22 ± 9.33 |
| Right | 39.15 ± 10.58 | 34.84 ± 11.70 | 29.71 ± 7.77 |
| Standing long jump, m (SD) | 2.46 ± 0.29 | 1.89 ± 0.32 | 1.77 ± 0.34 |
| Sit-and-reach, cm (SD) | 18.26 ± 8.68 | 14.54 ± 9.07 | 8.33 ± 7.82 |
| One-leg standing with eyes closed, sec. (SD) | |||
| Left | 30.42 ± 30.07 | 24.67 ± 23.21 | 24.39 ± 26.41 |
| Right | 35.13 ± 31.24 | 24.72 ± 23.27 | 15.57 ± 10.36 |
| Harvard step test (SD) | |||
| Completed, n (%) | 21 (95.45) | 15 (68.18) | 7 (31.82) |
| Harvard step index | 96.56 ± 18.43 | 76.75 ± 18.81 | 56.39 ± 24.75 |
| Daily diet, g/d (SD) | |||
| Cereals | 164.07 ± 142.82 | 122.70 ± 111.51 | 44.09 ± 29.50 |
| Vegetables and fruits | 320.38 ± 225.33 | 201.82 ± 128.26 | 120.08 ± 107.19 |
| Meat | 642.65 ± 438.48 | 319.17 ± 207.61 | 390.34 ± 339.50 |
| Beans and nuts | 31.06 ± 36.27 | 18.41 ± 22.43 | 34.55 ± 46.32 |
| Fatty food | 62.35 ± 74.98 | 39.47 ± 49.02 | 37.95 ± 45.93 |
| Alcohol | 41.36 ± 99.61 | 10.98 ± 29.67 | 24.31 ± 101.23 |
PA, physical activity; HPA, high physical activity; LPA, low physical activity; BMI, body mass index; SD, Standard deviation.