Table 3.

Phylotypes with significant difference among athletes and young adults before and after adjusting dietary status.

		Non-adjusted model†				Dietary status adjusted model‡
Taxa	specific	Athlete group	HPA group	LPA group		Athlete group	HPA group	LPA group
		(n = 22)	(n = 22)	(n = 22)		(n = 22)	(n = 22)	(n =22)
		Mean ±SEM	Mean ±SEM	Mean ±SEM	p-value	Mean ±SEM	Mean ±SEM	Mean ±SEM	p-value
Phylum	Lentisphaerae	0.004 ± 0.004	0.000 ± 0.000	0.000 ± 0.000	0.045	0.005 ± 0.002	0.000 ± 0.002	−0.001 ± 0.002	0.242
Class	Erysipelotrichia	0.143 ± 0.036	0.110 ± 0.028	0.221 ± 0.051#	0.040	0.129 ± 0.045	0.115 ± 0.042	0.231 ± 0.044	0.148
	Lentisphaeria	0.004 ± 0.004	0.000 ± 0.000	0.000 ± 0.000	0.045	0.005 ± 0.002	0.000 ± 0.002	−0.001 ± 0.002	0.242
Order	Erysipelotrichales	0.143 ± 0.036	0.110 ± 0.028	0.221 ± 0.051#	0.040	0.129 ± 0.045	0.115 ± 0.042	0.231 ± 0.044	0.148
	Victivallales	0.004 ± 0.004	0.000 ± 0.000	0.000 ± 0.000	0.045	0.005 ± 0.002	0.000 ± 0.002	−0.001 ± 0.002	0.242
Family	Clostridiaceae	0.144 ± 0.070	0.023 ± 0.008*	0.026 ± 0.014	0.029	0.180 ± 0.049	0.014 ± 0.046*	−0.002 ± 0.048*	0.029
	Erysipelotrichaceae	0.143 ± 0.036	0.110 ± 0.028	0.221 ± 0.051#	0.040	0.129 ± 0.045	0.115 ± 0.042	0.231 ± 0.044	0.148
	Victivallaceae	0.004 ± 0.004	0.000 ± 0.000	0.000 ± 0.000	0.045	0.005 ± 0.002	0.000 ± 0.002	−0.001 ± 0.002	0.242
Genus	Bilophila	0.100 ± 0.032	0.101 ± 0.029	0.249 ± 0.053	0.034	0.113 ± 0.044	0.076 ± 0.041	0.261 ± 0.043*##	0.011
	Faecalicoccus	0.037 ± 0.024	0.005 ± 0.002	0.092 ± 0.038##	0.008	0.022 ± 0.028	0.010 ± 0.026	0.103 ± 0.028*	0.050
	Megamonas	11.670 ± 3.898	5.154 ± 4.276*	2.239 ± 0.776	0.020	11.254 ± 3.871	6.970 ± 3.622	0.839 ± 3.794	0.206
	Parasutterella	0.257 ± 0.144	0.969 ± 0.276*	0.703 ± 0.344	0.026	0.360 ± 0.316	1.029 ± 0.295	0.539 ± 0.309	0.290
	Romboutsia	0.134 ± 0.034	0.062 ± 0.017*	0.111 ± 0.056	0.038	0.127 ± 0.046	0.071 ± 0.043	0.109 ± 0.045	0.661
	Victivallis	0.004 ± 0.004	0.000 ± 0.000	0.000 ± 0.000	0.045	0.005 ± 0.002	0.000 ± 0.002	−0.001 ± 0.002	0.242
Species	Arcobacter_halophilus	0.000 ± 0.000	0.001 ± 0.001	0.000 ± 0.000	0.045	0.000 ± 0.000	0.001 ± 0.000	0.000 ± 0.000	0.350
	Bilophila_wadsworthia	0.100 ± 0.032	0.101 ± 0.029	0.249 ± 0.053	0.034	0.113 ± 0.044	0.076 ± 0.041	0.261 ± 0.043*##	0.011
	Campylobacter_jejuni	0.046 ± 0.045	0.000 ± 0.000	0.000 ± 0.000	0.045	0.072 ± 0.030	−0.007 ± 0.028	−0.020 ± 0.030*	0.103
	Clostridium_spiroforme	0.000 ± 0.000	0.002 ± 0.001*	0.000 ± 0.000	0.017	0.000 ± 0.001	0.002 ± 0.001	0.000 ± 0.001	0.139
	Megamonas_funiformis	11.065 ± 3.721	5.092 ± 4.240*	2.109 ± 0.733	0.019	10.661 ± 3.773	6.879 ± 3.530	0.726 ± 3.698	0.216
	Megamonas_rupellensis	0.125 ± 0.046	0.004 ± 0.003*	0.041 ± 0.032	0.036	0.125 ± 0.038	0.005 ± 0.035*	0.039 ± 0.037	0.087
	Paraprevotella_xylaniphila	0.100 ± 0.062	0.000 ± 0.000	0.000 ± 0.000	0.045	0.038 ± 0.035	−0.015 ± 0.033	0.077 ± 0.034	0.167
	Parasutterella_excrementihominis	0.253 ± 0.144	0.969 ± 0.276*	0.699 ± 0.344	0.023	0.357 ± 0.316	1.030 ± 0.295	0.533 ± 0.309	0.285
	Romboutsia_sedimentorum	0.134 ± 0.034	0.062 ± 0.017*	0.111 ± 0.056	0.038	0.127 ± 0.046	0.071 ± 0.043	0.109 ± 0.045	0.661
	Rothia_aeria	0.000 ± 0.000	0.004 ± 0.000	0.000 ± 0.000	0.045	0.000 ± 0.000	0.000 ± 0.000	0.000 ± 0.000	0.166
	Victivallis_vadensis	0.004 ± 0.003	0.000 ± 0.000	0.000 ± 0.000	0.045	0.005 ± 0.002	0.000 ± 0.002	−0.001 ± 0.002	0.242

HPA, high physical activity; LPA, low physical activity; SEM, Standard error of the mean.

^*p < 0.05 when HPA or LPA group compared with Athlete group.

^#p < 0.05 when LPA group compared with HPA group;

^##p < 0.01 when LPA group compared with HPA group.

^†Kruskal–Wallis test;

^‡Analysis of covariance.