EXHIBIT 1.
Characteristics of patients in the study sample of COVID-19 positivity and neighborhood disadvantage in Chicago, Illinois, 2020
| Patient characteristics | Number | Percent |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||
| Younger than 18 | 1,407 | 8.4 |
| 18–34 | 3,993 | 23.9 |
| 35–49 | 3,254 | 19.5 |
| 50–64 | 3,923 | 23.5 |
| 65–79 | 2,979 | 17.9 |
| 80 or older | 1,128 | 6.8 |
|
| ||
| Female sex | 10,090 | 60.5 |
|
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| Race and ethnicity | ||
| White non-Hispanic | 2,824 | 16.9 |
| Black non-Hispanic | 11,208 | 67.2 |
| Hispanic or Latino | 490 | 2.9 |
| Other | 411 | 2.5 |
| Missing or declined | 1,751 | 10.5 |
|
| ||
| English language proficient | 16,516 | 99.0 |
|
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| Marital status | ||
| Married | 4,094 | 24.5 |
| Not married | 11,474 | 68.8 |
| Missing or declined | 1,116 | 6.7 |
|
| ||
| Insurance type | ||
| Private | 5,771 | 34.6 |
| Medicaid or dual eligible | 5,749 | 34.5 |
| Medicare | 4,282 | 25.7 |
| Other | 3 | 0.0 |
| No insurance | 879 | 5.3 |
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| ||
| Black majority neighborhood | 11,906 | 71.4 |
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| ||
| Area Deprivation Index decilea | ||
| 1–2 | 2,761 | 16.6 |
| 3–4 | 2,655 | 15.9 |
| 5–6 | 2,893 | 17.3 |
| 7–8 | 3,387 | 20.3 |
| 9–10 | 4,988 | 29.9 |
|
| ||
| COVID-19 outcomes | ||
| Positive test | 2,174 | 13.0 |
| ICU admission | 308 | 1.8 |
| Death | 92 | 0.6 |
SOURCE Authors’ analysis of patient health records from an urban academic medical center in Chicago. NOTES N = 16,684. ICU is intensive care unit.
a
Area Deprivation Index (ADI) reflects ranking of neighborhoods by socioeconomic disadvantage at the state level; an ADI of 1 indicates the lowest level of disadvantage, whereas an ADI of 10 indicates the highest level of disadvantage.