Table 1:
Number of toxin-encoding genes for 22 toxin families in selected venomous and non-venomous reptile species
| Venom protein family | Non-venomous | Venomous | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Venom family abbreviation | Anolis carolinensis* | Boa constrictor | Python bivittatus | Thamnophis sirtalis | Ophiophagus hannah | Naja naja | Deinagkistrodon acutus | Protobothrops flavoviridis | Crotalus viridis | Crotalus tigris | Bothrops jararaca | |
| 5′-nucleotidases | 5Nase | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | ||
| Acetylcholinesterase | ACeH | 22 | 11 | 12 | 16 | 2 | 14 | 7 | ||||
| Kunitz-type peptide | 86 | 39 | 49 | 53 | 3 | 70 | 2 | 2 | ||||
| Bradykinin-potentiating peptides and C-type natriuretic peptides | BNP | 1 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Cysteine-rich secretory proteins | CRISPs | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| C-type lectins and C-type lectin-like proteins | CTLPs | 5 | 7 | 6 | 13 | 2 | 22 | 10 | 6 | 5 | 6 | |
| Disintegrins | Dis | 3 | 2 | |||||||||
| Factor V | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 3 | ||||||
| Factor X | 9 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | |||||||
| Hyaluronidases | HYAL | 5 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
| L-amino acid oxidases | LAAO | 4 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Nerve growth factors or neurotrophins | NGF | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| Phosphodiesterases | PDE | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Phospholipases A2 | PLA2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 1 |
| Phospholipases B | PLB | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Snake venom metalloproteinases | SVMP (PI) | 2 | 1 | |||||||||
| SVMP (PII) | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 7 | |||||||
| SVMP (PIII) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 2 | 20 | |
| Snake venom serine proteinases | SVSP | 4 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 22 | 11 | 9 | 15 | 12 |
| Three-finger toxins | 3FTx | 5 | 19 | 4 | 2 | 3 | ||||||
| Vascular endothelial growth factors | VEGF | 4 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | |
| Venom ficolins | Veficolins | 11 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 4 | 1 | ||||
| Vespryns/ohanin-like proteins | 90 | 40 | 52 | 39 | 1 | 42 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Waprin | 5 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | |||||
In venomous snake genomes, the numbers refer to the venom gland genome only. Non-venomous species lack venom glands, and the indicated numbers refer to homologous proteins expressed in other organs.
*
The green anole (Anolis carolinensis) was selected as outgroup taxon because it is a non-venomous, non-snake squamate with a complete genome sequence available.