. 2022 Feb 22;22(2):89–99. doi: 10.1038/s41397-021-00260-6

Table 2.

Combination of the core outcome sets for multimorbidity and polypharmacy.

Clinical outcomes

Health systems-related outcomes

Patient knowledge and behaviour

Medication-related outcomes

Patient-related outcomes

Consultation-related outcomes

Mortality^a

Mental health^a

Health service utilisation/ Hospitalisation

Health care costs

Quality of health care (patient-rated)

Patients’ knowledge

Self-rated health

Self-management behaviour

Self-efficacy

Medication appropriateness^a

Serious adverse drug reactions^a

Medication regimen complexity^a

Medication side effects^a

Adherence

Clinically significant drug interactions

The number of ‘regular’ medicines prescribed

Therapeutic duplication

Prescribing errors

Quality of life/Health-related quality of life^a

Falls^a

Treatment/Medication burden

Cognitive function

Physical function

Activities of daily living function

Physical activity

Communication

Shared decision making

Prioritisation

^apriority outcomes - all studies should consider them and then consider the others depending on the individual study.