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. 2022 Apr 1;7(4):570–580. doi: 10.1038/s41564-022-01088-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a–c, The distributions of Prochlorococcus (a), Synechococcus (b) and cyanophages (c) were measured at high resolution in the surface waters along the transects of the three cruises in this study and plotted as a function of temperature. d, The relationship between the total numbers of picocyanobacteria and cyanophages. There was no relationship across the data from all regimes (Pearson’s r = −0.008, two-sided P = 0.9, n = 87). Picocyanobacteria correlated positively with cyanophages in the subtropics (Pearson’s r = 0.54, two-sided P = 0.02, n = 26). In the hotspot, the picocyanobacteria abundance correlated negatively with that of cyanophages across all three cruises (Pearson’s r = −0.56, two-sided P = 0.0005, n = 34). There was no relationship found in the subpolar region (Pearson’s r = 0.2, two-sided P = 0.2, n = 27).