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. 2022 Apr 1;12:5565. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-09565-3

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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CyQUANT proliferation assay of breast cancer cells. Effect of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) 18:1 and the LPA receptor 1, 3 (and 2) inhibitor Ki16425 on proliferation of MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7 cell lines after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. (A–C) Data points show the absolute number of living cells per well (y-axis) with the addition of varying concentrations of LPA compared to the control group for several time points (x-axis). (D–F) Data points show the absolute number of live cells per well (y-axis) with the addition of 1.0 µM LPA and Ki16425 in varying concentrations as well as the control group for several time points (x-axis). n = 3 replicate experiments, values are presented as mean ± SD. *: p ≤ 0.05 compared to the control group (Kruskal–Wallis test and post-hoc Dunn’s test).