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. 2022 Apr 1;12:5544. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-09273-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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This figure shows presences of screen-on events in different hours and different days (each row is one day of data for 7 sample days) from one person in the study. The higher dots show presence of phone activity in that hour and lower dots show the lack of it. We find the longest period of of inactivity within the 24 h (area filled with blue). These hours are marked as sleeping times. The first hour of inactivity is recognized as (going to) “sleep time” and the first hour right after of the period of inactivity is determined to be the “wake-up time”. This processes repeated for all days for each person.