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. 2022 Apr 1;13:1759. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-29235-2

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — We assessed the association of the six pathways defined by the 82 immune-oncology markers with all-cause mortality (n = 202), prostate cancer-specific mortality (n = 57), or mortality due to any cancer after a prostate cancer diagnosis (n = 103) out of the 819 prostate cancer patients followed. The pathway scores were evaluated as continuous predictor variables. Suppression of tumor immunity pathway was distinctively associated with all-cause mortality (a), prostate cancer-specific mortality (b), or a mortality due to any cancer after a prostate cancer diagnosis (c). Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to assess if the pathways were independently associated with survival of prostate cancer patients in the NCI-Maryland study. For (a–c), the hazard ratios (HRs) were adjusted for age at study entry (years), BMI (kg/m2), self-reported race (AA/EA), education (high school or less, some college, college, professional school), income (<$10k, $10–30 K, $30–60 K, $60–90k, greater than $90k), smoking history (never, former, current), diabetes (no/yes), aspirin use (no/yes), treatment (0 = none, 1 = surgery, 2 = radiotherapy, 3 = hormone, 4 = combination), and NCCN risk score. The HRs indicate the change in risk of dying when the biological process z-score value increases by 1 while holding all the other biological processes’ z-scores and covariates constant. Data are presented as hazard ratios ± 99% confidence intervals. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. TI tumor immunity and CI confidence interval.