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. 2022 Apr 1;13:1773. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-29451-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — SEM images of typical 2D material alignment experimentally observed on twinned Cu surface (left panels) compared with theoretical prediction (right panels). a–c are typical hBN islands grown on twinned Cu surfaces, in which all hBN islands shown in (a) and (b) are parallelly aligned while those shown in (c) show antiparallel alignment. d the theoretical prediction and experimental statistics of the misalignment angle of hBN grown on different substrates (The error bar is the standard deviation of raw data.). e–g, are typical graphene islands grown on twinned Cu surfaces, in which (e) and (f) show parallelly aligned graphene islands while islands in (g) are misaligned on both sides of the twin boundary. The angle between the 2D island edge and the twin boundary is marked in the corresponding theoretical diagram. Surface indices of the twin crystals are shown in each figure. The scale bars in all graphs are 10 μm. h the theoretical prediction and experimental statistics of the misalignment angles of graphene grown on different substrates (The error bar is the standard deviation of raw data.).