Table 4.

Associations between food insecurity shielding and mental health problems in adults (n = 74,416)

Variables	Mood disorder		Anxiety disorder		Fair or poor mental health		Fair or poor health		Low life satisfaction
	RR	95% CI	RR	95% CI	RR	95% CI	RR	95% CI	RR	95% CI
Sex
Male	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Female	2.44	2.19,2.72	2.15	1.92,2.40	1.46	1.29,1.64	1.23	1.10,1.36	0.97	0.87,1.08
Household size
2 persons	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
3 persons	0.74	0.64,0.87	0.79	0.68,0.91	0.78	0.64,0.95	0.86	0.72,1.02	0.68	0.58,0.80
4+ persons	0.60	0.52,0.69	0.70	0.61,0.80	0.74	0.61,0.89	0.78	0.66,0.91	0.54	0.46,0.62
Race/ethnicity
White
Non-white	0.52	0.46,0.60	0.43	0.37,0.49	0.84	0.73,0.97	1.14	1.02,1.28	1.39	1.24,1.56
Household income
5 (highest)	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
4	1.29	1.09,1.52	1.28	1.08,1.53	1.39	1.12,1.74	1.31	1.07,1.61	1.33	1.05,1.69
3	1.36	1.15,1.60	1.35	1.14,1.59	1.42	1.15,1.76	1.62	1.34,1.98	1.86	1.48,2.34
2	1.40	1.18,1.66	1.48	1.25,1.75	1.68	1.35,2.08	1.76	1.45,2.15	2.13	1.70,2.68
1 (lowest)	1.60	1.35,1.91	1.80	1.51,2.15	1.94	1.55,2.42	2.60	2.12,3.17	2.60	2.06,3.27
Highest household education
Post-secondary	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Secondary	1.15	1.00,1.32	1.08	0.94,1.23	1.12	0.96,1.31	1.38	1.20,1.58	1.08	0.94,1.25
Below secondary	1.24	1.02,1.50	1.08	0.89,1.32	1.13	0.91,1.41	1.63	1.34,1.97	1.53	1.25,1.88
BMI
< 25	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
≥ 25	1.45	1.32,1.59	1.21	1.10,1.33	1.15	1.03,1.30	1.71	1.54,1.90	1.19	1.07,1.32
Survey cycle
2007–2008	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
2011–2012	1.10	0.98,1.24	1.23	1.08,1.39	1.20	1.03,1.39	1.01	0.89,1.15	0.83	0.73,0.94
2017–2018	1.23	1.11,1.37	1.63	1.46,1.81	1.49	1.30,1.71	0.89	0.79,1.00	0.71	0.63,0.80
Shielding status
Food secure	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Shielded	1.84	1.59,2.12	1.75	1.51,2.02	2.14	1.77,2.57	1.71	1.47,1.99	2.38	2.02,2.80
Not shielded	2.41	2.13,2.73	2.07	1.80,2.37	2.71	2.33,3.15	2.21	1.93,2.53	2.94	2.57,3.36

Note: Shown are relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistically significant (p<0.05) RRs are bolded