Table 2.

Adjusted odds ratios of overall food insecurity and moderate or severe food insecurity in relation to survey cycle and socio-demographic characteristics (n = 6800)

	Overall food insecurity adjusteda OR (95% CI)	Moderate or severe food insecurity adjusted OR (95% CI)
Survey cycle
2011–2012	1	1
2017–2018	1.49 (1.27, 1.75)*	1.64 (1.35, 2.00)*
Main source of household income
Employment	1	1
Employment insurance/workers’ compensation	2.56 (1.79, 3.65)*	2.92 (1.97, 4.33)*
Pension/retirement savings	0.57 (0.45, 0.71)*	0.48 (0.36, 0.65)*
Social assistance	3.33 (2.39, 4.63)*	3.16 (2.23, 4.49)*
Other income or none/unstated	0.87 (0.64, 1.19)	0.79 (0.54, 1.16)
Highest level of education in household
Less than secondary	0.92 (0.73, 1.15)	0.90 (0.69, 1.18)
Secondary school graduate	0.98 (0.78, 1.22)	1.06 (0.81,1.37)
Completed post-secondary, below Bachelors’ degree/unstated	1	1
Bachelors’ or higher complete	0.60 (0.46, 0.78)*	0.42 (0.28, 0.62)*
Household composition
Unattached individual/lone parent with children ≥ 18	1.51 (1.24, 1.85)*	1.78 (1.38, 2.3)*
Couple without children < 18/other household types	1	1
Couple with children < 18	1.61 (1.27, 2.02)*	1.81 (1.34, 2.44)*
Lone parent with children < 18	2.00 (1.48, 2.72)*	2.09 (1.46, 2.98)*
Housing tenure
Dwelling owned by member of household	1	1
Dwelling rented	2.33 (1.94, 2.79)*	2.61 (2.1, 3.25)*
Indigenous status of respondent
Non-Indigenous/unstated	1	1
Indigenous	1.26 (1.02, 1.57)*	1.34 (1.03,1.73)*
Immigrant status of respondent
Non-immigrant/unstated	1	1
Immigrant	1.48 (0.93, 2.38)	1.75 (0.99, 3.10)
Income
> Low Income Measure	1	1
≤ Low Income Measure	2.95 (2.43, 3.57)*	3.59 (2.82, 4.57)*

^*p < 0.05

^aAdjusted for main source of household income, highest level of education in household, household composition, housing tenure, Indigenous status, immigration status, and income