Fig. 2. Physiological measures.

Statistical comparisons between monkeys exposed vs. non-exposed (blue and orange bars, respectively) to wildfire smoke prenatally show exposed animals had (a) elevated mean levels of C-reactive protein (CRP; measured as milligrams/Liter) and b reduced mean concentrations of plasma cortisol (measured as micrograms/deciliter), compared to monkeys that were not prenatally exposed. Data were log₁₀ transformed; error bars reflect 95% Confidence Intervals (CI), and values are adjusted for the covariate. Overhead bars indicate significant effects: for CRP, p = .05 (two-tailed), and for cortisol, p = .008. To the right of the dotted lines are the corresponding values for the full control cohort (mean, 95% CI). Comparison of the overlap in CI between the groups in the target cohort with the control cohort revealed that, for CRP, control animals’ CI show complete overlap with those of non-exposed animals from the target cohort and less overlap with those from exposed animals. For cortisol, there is no overlap between the CI for the control cohort and for either group in the target cohort. For CRP, sample sizes are n = 40, 31, and 317 for exposed, non-exposed, and control, respectively; For cortisol, the numbers are 40, 31, and 2490, respectively. Source data are presented in a Source Data file.