Table 1. Characteristics of study participants from Kilifi and Siaya.

Characteristic	Kilifi (n)	%	Siaya (n)	%	Total (n)	%	P * value
	200	50	200	50	400	100
Maternal age
15-19	31	15.50	4	2.00	35	8.75
20-24	65	32.50	81	40.50	146	36.50
25-29	43	21.50	60	30.00	103	25.75	<0.001
30-34	30	15.00	32	16.00	62	15.50
35-39	16	8.00	19	9.50	35	8.75
40-44	15	7.50	2	1.00	17	4.25
45-49	0	0.00	2	1.00	2	0.50
Marital status
Married	191	95.50	190	95.00	381	95.25
Single	9	4.50	10	5.00	19	4.75	0.814
Gestational age at delivery
<33 weeks	10	5.00	3	1.50	13	3.25
33-37 weeks	59	29.50	44	22.00	103	25.75	0.022
38-42 weeks	131	65.50	153	76.50	284	71.00
Education level
None	23	11.50	2	1.00	25	6.25
Primary	124	62.00	108	54.00	232	58.00	<0.001
Secondary	37	18.50	74	37.00	111	27.75
Tertiary-College/University	16	8.00	16	8.00	32	8.00
Gravida
1-2	112	56.00	41	20.50	153	38.25
3-5	65	32.50	127	63.50	192	48.00	<0.001
6-9	18	9.00	31	15.50	49	12.25
10-15	5	2.50	1	0.50	6	1.50
Occupation
Farmer	1	0.50	13	6.50	14	3.50
Business woman	23	11.50	59	29.50	82	20.50
House wife	136	68.00	92	46.00	228	57.00	<0.001
Salaried worker	16	8.00	18	9.00	34	8.50
Other	24	12.00	18	9.00	42	10.50
Number of ANC visits
1	9	4.52	146	73.00	155	38.85
2	22	11.06	45	22.50	67	16.79
3	45	22.61	7	3.50	52	13.03	<0.000
4	57	28.64	2	1.00	59	14.79
5	38	19.10	0	0.00	38	9.52
6	28	14.07	0	0.00	28	7.02
Sex of child
Female	94	47.00	96	48.00	190	47.50	0.841
Birthweight
Underweight (<2.5kgs)	43	21.50	12	6.00	55	13.75	<0.000
Transplacental transfer Efficiency
Impaired	77	38.50	89	44.50	166	41.50	0.223

(*P-Chi squared value)