Table 1. Characteristics of Medicare Decedents With ADRD Diagnosis vs Those Without a Diagnosis in 2004, 2011, and 2017.
| Characteristic | 2004 | 2011 | 2017 | P valueb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADRD diagnosisa | No ADRD diagnosis | ADRD diagnosisa | No ADRD diagnosis | ADRD diagnosisa | No ADRD diagnosis | 2004 vs 2017 | ADRD vs no ADRD in 2017 | |
| Sample size, No. | 93 386 | 179 615 | 98 401 | 148 452 | 110 368 | 124 946 | NA | NA |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 85.9 (7.3) | 81.3 (8.0) | 86.6 (7.3) | 81.7 (8.4) | 86.7 (7.8) | 80.9 (8.6) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Age category, No. (%), y | ||||||||
| 67-69 | 1533 (1.6) | 12 991 (7.2) | 1702 (1.7) | 11 912 (8.0) | 2429 (2.2) | 11 751 (9.4) | <.001 | <.001 |
| 70-74 | 5182 (5.5) | 28 630 (15.9) | 5158 (5.2) | 23 256 (15.7) | 6645 (6.0) | 23 473 (18.8) | ||
| 75-79 | 11 351 (12.2) | 36 226 (20.2) | 9792 (10.0) | 25 503 (17.2) | 11 489 (10.4) | 23 102 (18.5) | ||
| 80-85 | 20 246 (21.7) | 39 433 (22.0) | 18 346 (18.6) | 29 634 (20.0) | 18 643 (16.9) | 22 177 (17.8) | ||
| >85 | 55 074 (59.0) | 62 335 (34.7) | 63 403 (64.4) | 58 147 (39.2) | 71 162 (64.5) | 44 443 (35.6) | ||
| Sex, No. (%) | ||||||||
| Female | 60 063 (64.3) | 94 255 (52.5) | 62 293 (63.3) | 75 975 (51.2) | 67 333 (61.0) | 60 607 (48.5) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Male | 33 323 (35.7) | 85 360 (47.5) | 36 108 (36.7) | 72 477 (48.8) | 43 035 (39.0) | 64 339 (51.5) | ||
| Race, No. (%)c | ||||||||
| Black | 8655 (9.3) | 14 433 (8.0) | 8423 (8.6) | 10 377 (7.0) | 9115 (8.3) | 8684 (7.0) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Non-Black | 84 731 (90.7) | 165 182 (92.0) | 89 978 (91.4) | 138 075 (93.0) | 101 253 (91.7) | 116 262 (93.0) | ||
| Health conditions, No. (%)d | ||||||||
| Cancer | 17 817 (19.1) | 89 955 (50.1) | 17 073 (17.4) | 73 759 (49.7) | 20 390 (18.5) | 66 272 (53.0) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Diabetes | 32 719 (35.0) | 68 681 (38.2) | 38 082 (38.7) | 63 990 (43.1) | 60 090 (54.4) | 70 869 (56.7) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 41 083 (44.0) | 81 672 (45.5) | 37 722 (38.3) | 59 640 (40.2) | 43 063 (39.0) | 50 475 (40.4) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 29 643 (31.7) | 71 858 (40.0) | 29 820 (30.3) | 57 225 (38.5) | 32 617 (29.6) | 47 053 (37.7) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Kidney failure | 11 109 (11.9) | 25 906 (14.4) | 25 399 (25.8) | 42 308 (28.5) | 34 509 (31.3) | 40 480 (32.4) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Health service associated with ADRD claim, % | ||||||||
| Any inpatient service | 49.0 | NA | 51.8 | NA | 67.3 | NA | NA | NA |
| Any professional servicee | 87.7 | NA | 86.3 | NA | 87.1 | NA | NA | NA |
| Any hospice service | 12.2 | NA | 21.5 | NA | 42.0 | NA | NA | NA |
| Any home health service | 10.1 | NA | 19.6 | NA | 28.7 | NA | NA | NA |
| Only from inpatient service | 8.4 | NA | 7.6 | NA | 7.5 | NA | NA | NA |
| Only from professional servicee | 40.6 | NA | 31.3 | NA | 15.3 | NA | NA | NA |
| Only from hospice service | 1.5 | NA | 2.5 | NA | 2.2 | NA | NA | NA |
| Only from home health service | 1.2 | NA | 1.7 | NA | 0.8 | NA | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: ADRD, Alzheimer disease and related dementias; NA, not applicable.
a
Diagnosis of ADRD among decedents based on at least 1 ADRD claim within 2 years of death.
b
t Test was used for continuous measures and χ2 test for proportions.
c
Race and ethnicity was categorized as Black vs non-Black because the percentage of Black and non-Black individuals was stable over time. Non-Black race and ethnicity includes American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Hispanic, White, and those of other races and ethnicities.
d
Based on Elixhauser Comorbidity Index using diagnoses within 1 year of death.
e
Professional service identified using claims from outpatient and carrier files.