Table 4.

Multivariable fixed effects and random effects models showing the regression of price received by SWs before (Phase 1), during (Phase 2) and after (Phase 3) the 2010 WC in South Africa.

Dependent variable: ln price of previous 2 acts	Phase 1 (Before)		Phase 2 (During)		Phase 3 (After)
	Fixed-effects	Random effects	Fixed-effects	Random effects	Fixed-effects	Random effects
Whether condom was used
No	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Yes	-0.1 [-0.3 to 0.1]	-0.1 [-0.4 to 0.2]	0.1 [-0.1 to 0.3]	0.1 [-0.1 to 0.3]	0.2* [0.0 to 0.4]	0.1 [-0.1 to 0.4]
Type of sex
Vaginal sex	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Anal sex	0.2** [0.0 to 0.4]	0.4** [0.1 to 0.6]	0.3** [0.1 to 0.4]	0.3** [0.1 to 0.5]	0.4** [0.2 to 0.6]	0.5*** [0.3 to 0.7]
Oral sex	0.3*** [0.2 to 0.5]	0.4*** [0.2 to 0.6]	0.0 [-0.1 to 0.1]	0.1 [0.0 to 0.3]	0.3*** [0.1 to 0.4]	0.4*** [0.2 to 0.5]
Masturbation	0.3* [0.0 to 0.5]	0.4 [0.0 to 0.8]	-0.1 [-0.4 to 0.1]	0.2 [-0.1 to 0.5]	0.1 [-0.2 to 0.4]	0.3 [0.0 to 0.6]
Whether drunk during sex
No	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Yes	0.1 [-0.1 to 0.2]	0.2** [0.1 to 0.3]	-0.0 [-0.2 - 0.2]	0.1 [0.0 to 0.3]	0.1 [-0.1 to 0.2]	0.3*** [0.1 to 0.4]
Age	–	0.0** [0.0 to 0.0]	–	0.0 [0.0 to 0.0]	–	0.0* [0.0 to 0.0]
Ln number of clients seen in the last week		-0.1** [-0.2 to 0.0]	–	-0.1** [-0.2 to 0.0]	–	-0.1** [-0.2 to 0.0]
Gender
Female	–	Ref	–	Ref	–	Ref
Male	–	0.1 [-0.4 to 0.5]	–	0.4 [-0.1 to 0.9]	–	0.1 [-0.2 to 0.5]
Transgender	–	0.2 [-0.3 to 0.6]	–	0.5** [0.1 to 0.8]	–	0.2 [-0.1 to 0.5]
Level of education
None	–	Ref	–	Ref	–	Ref
Primary	–	-0.1 [-0.3 to 0.1]	–	-0.2 [-0.5 to 0.1]	–	-0.1 [-.03 to 0.1]
Secondary+	–	(0.2 [-0.1 to 0.4]	–	(0.2 [-0.1 to 0.5]	–	(0.0 [-0.2 to 0.2]
Place of Sex work
Street	–	Ref	–	Ref	–	Ref
Hotel/Brothel	–	0.0 [-0.1 to 0.2]	–	-0.2 [-0.4 to 0.1]	–	0.1 [-0.1 to 0.3]
Massage	–	0.2 [-0.8 to 1.3]	–	-0.3 [-0.6 to 0.1]	–	(0.0 [-0.7 to 0.7]
Shebeen	–	(0.0 [-0.2 to 0.2]	–	-0.3* [-0.6 to -0.1]	–	-0.2 [-0.4 to 0.1]
Combinationa	–	0.2 [0.0 to 0.5]	–	(0.1 [-0.1 to 0.3]	–	(0.0 [-0.2 to 0.2]
Previous work prior to sex work
No job	–	Ref	–	Ref	–	Ref
Cashier	–	0.2 [-0.1 to 0.5]	–	-0.3* [-0.6 to -0.1]	–	-0.3* [-0.5 to 0.0]
Beauty/hairdresser	–	-0.1 [-0.4 to 0.1]	–	0.0 [-0.3 to 0.3]	–	0.0 [-0.2 to 0.2]
Seamstress/tailor	–	0.0 [-0.3 to 0.3]	–	-0.2 [-0.7 to 0.3]	–	-0.2 [-0.5 to 0.1]
Student	–	-0.1 [-0.3 to 0.1]	–	-0.3** [-0.5 to -0.1]	–	-0.1 [-0.3 to 0.2]
Waitress	–	0.0 [-0.3 to 0.2]	–	-0.2 [-0.5 to 0.1]	–	-0.2 [-0.4 to 0.0]
Has alternative income
No	–	Ref	–	Ref	–	Ref
Yes	–	0.1 [0.0 to 0.3]	–	0.2 [0.0 to 0.4]	–	0.0 [-0.1 to 0.2]
Has a partner
No	–	Ref	–	Ref	–	Ref
Yes	–	0.0 [-0.2 to 0.2]	–	0.0 [-0.2 to 0.2]	–	0.1 [-0.1 to 0.3]
Number of dependents
None		Ref	–	Ref	–	Ref
1 to 3 adults or children	–	0.1 [-0.2 to 0.4]	–	0.2 [0.0 to 0.4]	–	0.0 [-0.2 to 0.3]
4 or more adults or children	–	-0.1 [-0.4 to 0.2]	–	0.3 [0.0 to 0.5]	–	-0.1 [-0.4 to 0.1]
Whether had contact with the police in the past year
No	–	Ref	–	Ref	–	Ref
Yes	–	0.3** [0.1 to 0.5]	–	-0.2* [-0.4 to 0.0]	–	0.0 [-0.2 to 0.1]
Whether visited a hospital in the last month
No	–	Ref	–	Ref	–	Ref
Yes	–	-0.3*** [-0.5 to -0.2]	–	-0.2 [-0.3 to 0.0]	–	0.0 [-0.2 to 0.1]
Number of obs.	1267	661	1396	847	1470	848
AIC	790.3	n/a	900.7	n/a	1310.8	n/a
BIC	816.0	n/a	926.9	n/a	1337.3	n/a

Positive coefficients indicate the correlate is positively associated with the price, whereas negative coefficients indicate negative correlations.

AIC - Akaike information criterion; BIC - Bayesian information criterion; Ref – Reference; -Variable omitted; ln– Natural logarithm; n/a – not applicable.

*p-value<0.05; **p-value<0.01; ***p-value<0.001.

^a“Combination” refers to SWs who worked in more than one location during their last two sex acts.