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. 2022 Apr 1;22:233. doi: 10.1186/s12909-022-03299-6

Table 6.

Non-pharmacological interventions

All participants (n = 54) Introduction program (n = 25) Main program (n = 29)
Use of non-pharmacological interventions Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD)
 ● Patients seek advice on non-pharmacological treatment optionsa 3.00 (1.13) 2.84 (1.25) 3.14 (1.03)
 ● Feel equipped to advise patients on non-pharmacological treatment optionsb 2.29 (0.82) 2.08 (0.81) 2.48 (0.76)
Recommended non-pharmacological interventionsc n (%) n (%) n (%)
 ● Acupuncture 15 (28%) 9 (36%) 6 (24%)
 ● Craniosacral therapy 3 (6%) 1 (4%) 2 (7%)
 ● Diet 28 (52%) 13 (52%) 15 (52%)
 ● Ear (daith) piercing 1 (2%) 0 (0%) 1 (3%)
 ● Exercise 45 (83%) 19 (76%) 26 (90%)
 ● Medical cannabis 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
 ● Neurostimulation 1 (2%) 1 (4%) 0 (0%)
 ● Physiotherapy 50 (93%) 22 (88%) 28 (97%)
 ● Psychological treatment 41 (76%) 17 (68%) 24 (83%)
 ● Reflexology 4 (7%) 2 (8%) 2 (7%)
 ● Other 6 (11%) 3 (12%) 3 (10%)
 ● None of the above 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)

aScale from 1–5; 1: never, 5: very frequently. bScale from 1–5; 1: not at all, 5: to a great extent. cParticipants could choose multiple answers