Table 4.
Diagnosis accuracy compared to nested PCR based on venous blood and DBS as DNA template
| DNA template to PCR |
Sensitivity (95% CI) |
Specificity (95% CI) |
PPV (95% CI) |
NPV (95% CI) |
Agreement % (Kappa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Venous blood, N = 110 | |||||
| HRP-2-RDT | 17.8 (6.1–29.4) | 100 | NA | NA | 66.4 (0.20) |
| Microscopy | 20.0 (7.8–32.1) | 100 | NA | NA | 67.3 (0.22) |
| Pan-LAMP | 93.3 (85.7–100) | 95.4 (90.1–100) | NA | NA | 94.5 (0.88) |
| Pf-LAMP | 97.4 (92.2–100) | 100 | NA | NA | 97.6 (0.84) |
| DBS, N = 247 | |||||
| HRP-2-RDT | 35.7 (07–64.2) | 97.8 (96–99.7) | 50 (12.3–87.7) | 96.2 (93.7–98.6) | 94.3 (0.39) |
| Microscopy | 57.1 (27.5–86.8) | 97 (94.8–99.2) | 53.3 (24.7–81.9) | 97.4 (95.3–99.4) | 94.7 (0.52) |
| Pan LAMP | 100 | 78.5 (73.2–83.8) | 21.9 (11.5–32.2) | 100 | 79.8 (0.29) |
| Pf LAMP | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid, DBS dried blood spot, HRP-2-RDTs histidine-rich protein 2 based rapid diagnostic tests, Pf Plasmodium falciparum, LAMP loop-mediated isothermal amplification, CI confidence interval, PPV positive predictive value, NPV negative predictive value, NA not applicable, ND not determined