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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 2.
Published in final edited form as: Palliat Support Care. 2016 May 30;15(1):12–19. doi: 10.1017/S147895151600016X

Table 3.

Caregiver characteristics and patient completion of an advance directive (AD)

Caregiver characteristics With AD (n = 122) Without AD (n = 84) Statistic p value
Mean age in years (SD) 58.09 (11.63) 51.78 (13.46) t = 3.54 <0.01
Sex (n, %) χ2 = 2.15 0.143
 Male 28 (50.91) 27 (49.09)
 Female 94 (62.25) 57 (37.75)
Race (n, %) χ2 = 24.90 <0.01
 Caucasian (non-Hispanic) 95 (71.97) 37 (28.03)
 African American (non-Hispanic) 18 (38.30) 29 (61.70)
 Other 9 (33.33) 18 (66.67)
Highest education level (n, %) χ2 = 1.62 0.203
 High school or below 43 (53.75) 37 (46.25)
 College or above 79 (62.70) 47 (37.30)
Marital status (n, %) χ2 = 7.53 <0.01
 Married 107 (63.69) 61 (36.31)
 Not married 15 (39.47) 23 (60.53)
Individual annual income (n, %) χ2 = 11.25 0.01
 $0–40 K 14 (35.90) 25 (64.10)
 >$40–80 K 34 (61.82) 21 (38.18)
 >$80 K 54 (63.53) 29 (36.47)
 Don’t know/decline to answer 20 (68.97) 9 (31.03)
Relationship with patient (n, %) χ2 = 5.78 0.22
 Spouse/significant other 83 (61.03) 53 (38.97)
 Child 9 (40.91) 13 (59.09)
 Parent 15 (75.00) 5 (25.00)
 Sibling 6 (50.00) 6 (50.00)
 Other 9 (56.25) 7 (43.75)