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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 3.
Published in final edited form as: Front Med. 2021 Dec 28;16(1):56–82. doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0900-3

Table 1.

Composition of ECM

ECM protein Tissue sources Functions
Collagen Resists tensile and shearing forces, affects various cellular functions [29,36]
 Collagen I (80%) Skin, tendon, internal organs, organic parts of bone
 Collagen II Cartilage
 Collagen III Bone marrow, lymphoid tissues
 Collagen IV Basement membrane
 Collagen V Hair, surfaces of cells
Fibronectin Plasma, surfaces of cells Cell adhesion sites, influences cellular behaviors [29,37]
Laminin Basal lamina, placenta Cell adhesion sites [29]
Elastin Blood vessels, ligaments, skin, lung, bladder, elastic cartilage Recoil [33]
Proteoglycans Connective tissues, intracellular compartments, surfaces of cells Resists compressive forces, provides recoil and participates in cell signaling and cellular behaviors [29,36]
Hyaluronan Placenta, amniotic fluid, vitreous body, articular cartilage, dermis of skin Lubricates, absorbs shock, affects cellular behaviors and signaling molecules [38,39]