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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Clin Cancer Res. 2022 Apr 1;28(7):1250–1257. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-21-1240

Mechanisms of selected immunosuppressive agents reported in the treatment of gastrointestinal (A) and cutaneous (B) immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Monoclonal antibodies developed for other inflammatory indications have been used in the steroid-refractory setting. Examples include infliximab (anti-TNF), dupilimumab (anti-IL-4), guselkinumab (anti-IL-23), and ustekinumab (anti IL-12/23). Small molecules such as tofacitinib (anti-JAK1/3) have also been used.

Mechanisms of selected immunosuppressive agents reported in the treatment of gastrointestinal (A) and cutaneous (B) immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Monoclonal antibodies developed for other inflammatory indications have been used in the steroid-refractory setting. Examples include infliximab (anti-TNF), dupilimumab (anti-IL-4), guselkinumab (anti-IL-23), and ustekinumab (anti IL-12/23). Small molecules such as tofacitinib (anti-JAK1/3) have also been used.