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. 2022 Apr 3;17:42. doi: 10.1186/s11671-022-03682-8

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Fig. 3 — Polarization model experiment of the metal electrode in the electric field. a The process of net charge in metal polarization and b metal’s surface voltage. c The charge density of the metal generated by the electric field [1] and the net charge is generated [4] according to the distance from the plate electrode