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. 2022 Apr 2;22:142. doi: 10.1186/s12935-022-02561-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — The molecular mechanisms of resveratrol co-treatment during colorectal cancer treatment by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapeutic agent. Resveratrol exerts the synergistic anti-tumoral effects through increments in oxidant and apoptosis activities, and reduction in inflammatory effects. ↑↑synergistically increased by 5-FU plus resveratrol compared to 5-FU alone; ↑↑synergistically decreased by 5-FU plus resveratrol compared to 5-FU alone; ↓decreased by 5-FU plus resveratrol compared to 5-FU alone; Bcl-xL, B-cell lymphoma-extra large; BAX, Bcl-2-associated X protein; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; IL-6, interleukin 6; IKK, IκBα kinase; LPO, lipid peroxidation; ROS, reactive oxygen species; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha.; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9